Implementation of Virtual Maritime Environment for LWIR Homing Missile Test

Title & Authors
Implementation of Virtual Maritime Environment for LWIR Homing Missile Test
Park, Hyeryeong;

Abstract
It is essential for generating the synthetic image to test and evaluate a guided missile system in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation. In order to make the evaluation results to be more reliable, the extent of fidelity and rendering performance of the synthetic image cannot be left ignored. There are numerous challenges to simulate the LWIR sensor signature of sea surface depending on the incident angle, especially in the maritime environment. In this paper, we investigate the key factors in determining the apparent temperature of sea surface and propose the approximate formula consisting of optical characteristics of sea surface and sky radiance. We find that the greater the incident angle increases, the larger the reflectivity of sea surface, and the greater the water vapor concentration in atmosphere increases, the larger the amount of sky radiance. On the basis of this information, we generate the virtual maritime environment in LWIR region using the SE-WORKBENCH, physically based rendering software. The margin of error is under seven percentage points.
Keywords
HILS;Synthetic Image;Maritime;
Language
Korean
Cited by
References
1.
In Yong Kim et al., "A Study on Real-time LWIR Image Generation of Maritime Environment Based on COTS System," KIMST Annual Conference Proceedings, pp. 330-331, 2015.

2.
Claes nelsson et al., "Benchmarking and Validation of IR Signature Programs : SensorVision, CAMEOSIM and RadThermIR," RTO SCI Symposium, RTOMP- SCI-145, 2004.

3.
I. Wilf and Y. Manor, "Simulation of Sea Surface Images in the Infrared," Applied Optics, Vol. 23, No. 18, pp. 3174-3179, 1984.

4.
Jean Latger and Thierry Cathala, "Multi Sensors Signature Prediction Workbench," SPIE Security & Defence Conference, France, Toulouse, 2015.

5.
Cornelius J. Willers et al., "Signature Modelling and Radiometric Rendering Equations in Infrared Scene Simulation Systems," Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 8187, Technologies for Optical Countermeasures VIII, 81870R, 2001.

6.
Kyoung-Soo Kim et al., "A Study on Long-Wave Infrared Sea Surface Signature," KIMST Annual Conference Proceedings, pp. 823-824, 2014.

7.
A. Sayer, "A Sea Surface Reflectance Model Suitable for Use with AATSR Aerosol Retrieval," AOPP, University of Oxford, pp. 6-7, 2007.

8.
Schlick, C., "An Inexpensive BRDF Model for Physically-based Rendering," Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 233, 1994.

9.
In Yong Kim et al., "A Study on Improving Method of LWIR Atmospheric Model from MODTRAN," KIMST Annual Conference Proceedings, pp. 825-826, 2014.

10.
Leo H. Holthuijsen, "Waves in Oceanic and Coastal Waters," CAMBRIDGE University Press, UK, pp. 52-55, 2007.

11.
Jose Henrique G. M. Alves and Michael L. Banner, "Revisiting the Pierson-Moskowitz Asymptotic Limits for Fully Developed Wind Wave," Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 33, pp. 1301-1323, 2003.

12.
George M. Hale and Marvin R. Querry, "Optical Constants of Water in the 200-nm to 200-${\mu}m$ Wavelength Region," Applied Optics, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 555-563, 1973.

13.
Yong-Seung Kim and Chi-Ho Kang, "Calculations of Input Radiance for KOMPSAT-2 MSC Using MODTRAN Model," Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 13, No. 3, p. 233, 1994.