Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
- Volume 17 Issue 9
- /
- Pages.1266-1270
- /
- 2004
- /
- 1011-2367(pISSN)
- /
- 1976-5517(eISSN)
DOI QR Code
Relative Availability of Iron in Mined Humic Substances for Weanling Pigs
- Kim, S.W. (Dept. of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University) ;
- Hulbert, L.E. (Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University) ;
- Rachuonyo, H.A. (Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University) ;
- McGlone, J.J. (Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University)
- Received : 2003.12.09
- Accepted : 2004.05.25
- Published : 2004.09.01
Abstract
Humic substances include several biological active and inactive compounds that are commonly used for improving soil fertility. Use of humic substances in swine diets is a novel concept. Humic substances contain 8,700 mg/kg of iron but its bioavailability is unknown. This study was conducted to test the bioavailability of iron in humic substances for nursery pigs. One hundred twenty five pigs (Newsham, Colorado Springs, CO) were not given supplemental iron while nursing for 21 d. Pigs were weaned on d 21 and allotted to one of five treatments (four control treatments with different levels of supplemented iron; 0, 30, 70 and 88 mg/kg from
File
References
- Acda, S. P., J. W. Woo, W. T. Kim, Y. H. Shim, S. H. Lee and B. J. Chae. 2002. Influence of single dose of Fe dextran administration with organic trace mineral supplementation on the performance of piglets. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:1469-1474.
- Aiken, G. R., D. M. McKnight, R. L. Wershaw and P. MacCarthy. 1985. Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: geochemistry, isolation, and characterization. John Wiley & Sons, New York. pp. 13-86.
- Anderson, B. K. and R. A. Easter. 1999. Bioavailability of iron in spray-dried blood cells. University of Illinois Swine Research Report. Urbana, IL. pp. 23-29.
- Balasubramaniam, P. and A. Malathi. 1992. Comparative study of hemoglobin estimated by Drabkin’s and Sahli’s methods. J. Postrad. Med. 38:8-9.
- Cavill, I. 2002. Erythropoiesis and iron. Best Pact. Clin. Haematol. 15:399-409.
- Goh, K. M. and M. R. Reid. 1975. Molecular weight distribution of soil organic matter as affected by acid pre-treatment and fractionation into humic and fulvic acids. J. Soil Sci. 26:207-222.
- Harmon, B. G., D. E. Hoge, A. H. Jensen and D. H. Baker. 1969. Efficacy of ferrous carbonate as a hematinic for young swine. J. Anim. Sci. 29:706-710.
- Howard, E. B. and G. Matsumoto. 1977. Laboratory Procedures. In: Animal Health and Technology: A text for veterinary aides. American Veterinary Publication, Inc., USA. pp. 227-296.
- Kim, S. W. and R. A. Easter. 2001. Evaluation of various fish meals as a protein source in young pig diets. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1829-1839.
- Kornegay, E. T. 1972. Availability of iron contained in defluorinated phosphate. J. Anim. Sci. 34:569-572. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.344569x
- Lee, K. and F. M. Clydesdale. 1979. Quantitative determination of the elemental, ferrous, ferric, soluble and complexed iron in foods. J. Food Sci. 44:549-554.
- Lewis, A. J., P. S. Miller and C. K. Wolverton. 1996. Bioavailability of iron in two different sources for weanling pigs. Nebraska Swine Report. pp. 22-24.
- Littell, R. C., P. R. Henry, A. J. Lewis and C. B. Ammerman. 1997. Estimation of relative bioavailability of nutrients using SAS procedures. J. Anim. Sci. 75:2672-2683.
- Ndayegamiye, A. and D. Cote. 1989. Effect of long-term pig slurry and solid cattle manure application on soil chemical and biological properties. Can. J. Soil. Sci. 69:39-47.
-
NRC. 1998. Nutritional Requirements of Pigs.
$10^{th}$ ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC. - Parvanta, I. M. Z., M. E. Cogswell and E. W. Gunter, L. M. Grummer-Strawn. 2003. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin or hemoglobin: Which is a better screening test for iron deficiency in children and women? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77:1229-33.
- Shi, Y., D. B. Parker, N. A. Cole, B. W. Auvermann and J. E. Mehlhorn. 2001. Surface amendments to minimize ammonia emissions from beef cattle feedlots. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Engineers. 44:677-682.
-
Stevenson, F. J. 1994. Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions,
$2^{nd}$ ed. John Wiley & Sons, Wiley. pp. 480-512.
Cited by
- Effects of humic substances supplementation provided through drinking water on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broilers vol.94, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00886.x
- Fermented soybean meal as a vegetable protein source for nursery pigs: I. Effects on growth performance of nursery pigs vol.88, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1993