Simultaneous catalytic hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of thiophene and hydrodenitrogenation(HDN) of pyridine were studied over sulfided CoMo/ and catalysts and this study was carried over the range from 423K to 723K, from to and from 0.015 g-cat.hr/ml-feed to 0.03g-cat.hr/ml-feed of temperature, pressure and contact time, respectively. Pyridine HDN was more difficult than thiophene HDS and thiophene HDS was inhibited by the presence of pyridine at all temperatures and pressures studied. But thiophene had a dual effect on HDN. At low temperatures pyridine HDN was inhibited by the presence of thiophene, but at high temperatures it was enhanced by the thiophene. The formation of piperidine was greatly decreed with the addition of thiophene at all temperatures and pressures. CoMo/ showed better activity then NiMo/ for the pure thiophene HDS but NiMo/ showed greater activity than CoMo/ for pure pyridine as well as that of mixed feed of thiophene and pyridine.

The oxidation of carbon monoxide was carried out on the copper zeolites prepared by ion exchange and impregnation. Hydrogen mordenite(HM), partially dealuminated mordenite(HM#) obtained by repeating thermal treatment as well as ammonium ion-exchange and HY were ion-exchanged in cupric nitrate solution to get the copper zeolites having various level of copper content. HY, HM#, and HZSM-5 were impregnated with copper or platinum in 1wt% and the activities of these impregnated catalysts were compared with those of ion-exchanged ones. The activities of ion-exchanged catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide increased with an increase in the copper containing level of the catalysts, but decreased with an increase in the valence state of the copper[i.e., Cu(0)>Cu(I)>Cu(II)]. It is considered that the activity of ion-exchanged catalysts is affected by the sillica-alumina ratio of the zeolite structure. Partially dealuminated copper mordenite showed highest activity among the catalysts. The impregnated catalyst was more active than the ion-exchanged one at the same level of copper content. The activity of impregnated catalyst was more active than the ion-exchanged one at the same level of copper content. The activity of impregnated catalysts also in-creased as their silica-alumina ratio of the structure increased as the same as the ino-exchanged catalysts. The higher activity for Cu(0) could be also explained by the increase of copper concentration on the surface of zeolite.

A powerful technique using the simultaneous solution method is proposed to calculate the steady state gain which is quite essential to the synthesis of process control structure. After calculation of the solution of variables in process design, the steady state gain can be calculated accurately from the partial matrix of the inverse Jacobian matrix which is available for the solution. This technique is more efficient than the technique employing the conventional sequential modular approach which requires repetitive calculations to obtain the steady state gain. This method was applied to a typical binary distillation column to illustrate its usefulness in finding the feasible control structures for the top and bottom concentration control.

The extraction of cobalt(II) was carried out using a supported liquid membrane containing di(2-ethyl hexyl)phosphoric acid()as a mobile carrier, and the effects of concentrations of carrier as well as initial cobalt(II)and hydrogen ion concentrations of the feed on extraction rates were investigated. Taking into account interfacial first order reaction between Co(II) and , and membrane diffusion as simultaneous controlling factors, an equation describing the permeation rate has been derived as follow. In this equation, q was affected proportionally to hydrogen concentration in feed solution, and p was affected pro-portionally to concentration in oil phase and inversely proportional to initial concentration of Co(II) and hydrogen ion in feed aqueous solution. The experimental values can be correlated well by the equation.

An expression of gas transport through a porous medium is presented in the presence of gradients in composition, and pressure. Equations are given for the descriptions of purely diffusional mechanisms, and of combined diffusional and viscous capillary flows. The separation effect via a porous membrane is considered as a function of various physical parameters(e.g., effective pore radius, permeability and pressure gradients).

Saccharomyces formosensis cells were immobilized in calcium alginate beads and used for a continuous production of ethanol. The immobilized yeast cells were examined in a packed-bed reactor operated under various temperature and pH. Ethanol production rate with the immobilized yeast showed a temperature optimum of and a broad range of optimum pH. Under the optimum conditions, ethanol productivity of 69.1-76.1g could be obtained by using 12.4%(W/V) glucose as the substrate.

A series of dealuminated Y-type-zeolites was prepared by treating zeolites with , steam, and EDTA at elevated temperatures. Y-type zeolites can be dealuminated by reaction with without collapse of the crystal structure as compared with the treatment of steam and EDTA. Regardless of preparation method, the infrared absorption bands in frequency of the stretching O-(Si, Al)-O vibrations shifted in a linear manner as number of framework Al atoms per unit cell. The high-frequency hydroxy band() decreased in wavenumber almost linearly with an increasing Si/Al ratio of the zeolite, but beyond a ratio close to 5, the frequency remained virtually unchanged. Upon dealumination the ability of the zeolite to absorb water decreased due to the decrease of net electrostatic charge.

The reactions of with were studied. These reactions were carried out in the batch-boat system under nitrogen atmosphere with such variables reaction temperature, reaction time, mole ratio of to , flow rate of carrier gas() and particle size of . The proper conditions for the reaction were as follows; reaction temperature , reaction time 2h, mole ratio of to 9.0, gas flowrate (reactor size: ID=2.8cm, L=100cm)and particle size of -140mesh. Under these conditions, conversion to Ammonium Titanyl Sulfate[] was 98.61%.

Liquid carboxyl terminated polybutadiene(CTPB) was aged at various temperature and analized for the physicochemical properties. The CTPB properties were degraded with the aging time and temperature. CTPB thermal degradation was observed due to the decomposition of carboxyl functional group situated at the end of butadiene chain. The activation energy for carboxyl group decreasing rate from arrhenius plot was found to be 19.5kcal/mole. Solid composite propellants were manufactured with aged CTPB and mechanical properties and gel contents were tested. The mechanical properties of propellants decreased with the degree of CTPB aging condition, because the reactivity of aged CTPB was reduced.

Elemental sulfur and alkali metal sulfur compounds, especially and , enhanced to a greater extent the rate of carbo-chlorination and conversions of Si, Al and Fe portions in pink-C grade of kaolinic clay(about 1.9% ). In carbo-chlorination of kaolinic clay at 950K for 20minutes, the addition of elemental sulfur and increased to the similar ratio the conversions of si, Al and Fe portions in clay by , and , respectively, more than those in carbo-chlorination of clay in the absence of additives. The addition of increased the chlorination of Si, Al and Fe portions by , and , respectively. Elemental sulfur and sulfur compounds produced a higher conversion of Al portion than that of Si portion as the reaction temperature increases. However, the rate of chlorination of Al portion, in the early stage, increased to be much faster than that of Si portion, whereas the Si portion was chlorinated at a higher rate in the later stage of reaction.

ZSM-5 and Silicalite-I were synthesized hydrothermally using Zeosil 77 and sodium silicate solution as silica sources. The variations of pH in the aging step at room temperature and during the hydrothermal reaction period, and the effect of modification of pH with sulfuric acid were investigated in relation to the nucleation process of the zeolites. Without aging treatment, pH of the substrate was decreased significantly during the induction period, but it approached to a constant value asymptotically after the induction period. The same phenomena have been observed in the aging step, which seem to be a consequence of the nuclei being formed by the reaction o with silica particles producing silanol or soluble silicates ions. For the synthesis of ZSM-5 from the substrate composition of , by adjusting pH of the substrate with sulfuric acid and without aging, the best result was obtained from the substrate which the pH was adjusted to 11.5-11.0 from 13.2 of originals. Even from a substrate which has unsuitable composition for ZSM-5 synthesis due to high content and pH, i.e. , ZSM-5 in high purity could be obtained by adjusting the pH of the substrate to 11.0 from 13.7 with . The faster crystallization rate was resulted in the synthesis of Silicalite-I than in ZSM-5, and the rate of Silicalite-I crystallization, in contrast to ZSM-5, was inhibited by controlling pH of the substrate from about 13 of original to 11.0. Formation of Silicalite-I, a Al-free Pentasil zeolite, prefers a bit higher pH of the substrate than for ZSM-5. As the template, the rapider reaction rates were achieved with TPABr than with TPAOH, probably owing to the preferable pH of the substrate by using TPABr.

High activity ethylene polymerization catalysts have been prepared by the reaction of magnesium chloride with titanium tetrachloride in tetrahydrofuran, followed by precipitation with excess n-hexane. The catalysts are tested in ethylene polymerization in the presence of in the slurry reactor. The yields of HDPE during 60min. polymerization at various polymerization conditions were obtained. The average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution have been examined by GPC and viscometry. Narrow molecular weight distributions of Q=3-11 were obtained. The effects of the concentration of monomer, aluminum alkyls and hydrogen on molecular weight were investigated. The molecular weight of HDPE was found to be inversely proportional to the square root of the partial pressure of hydrogen. The morphologies of HDPE were also studied with SEM at various polymerization conditions.

The effect of operating varibles like agitation speed, initial concentration and particle size of adsorbent which have influence on the performance of adsorber are studied. Adsorption behavior of adsorbers are analyzed by introducing the film-solid diffusion model(F-S model) and film-pore diffusion model(F-P model). Both of the models can be applied to predict the performance of adsorbers. F-P model is slightly better than F-S model to represent the experimental data. The effect of initial concentration on the pore diffusivity is so strong that in the region of influence, it is recommended to use F-S model.

Geometric and electronic characteristics of V-Mo-P mixed oxide catalysts supported on , (anatase)and have been investigated by using X-ray diffractometer, Ft-IR, ESR and UV-visible spectroscopy. Vanadium oxide in the form of changes to orthorhombic crystalline by calcining the fresh catalysts in air flow at high temperature(, 20hr) and the(010)face of is selectively exposed on the surface of support. According to the results of FT-IR spectra of the catalysts, the V=O stretching mode is observed as absorption band located at for calcined catalysts except V(1.5%)/(calcined), V(1.5%)/(calcined) and V(3.0%)/(calcined). And the absence of V=O stretching vibration for V(3.0%)/(calcined), unlike V(3.0%)/(calcined), suggests that at lower content the loaded on barely forms surface V=O species but does form inactive vanadium ions. Regardless of calcination condition, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra of catalysts show the absorption band in the 500nm-600nm region which is assigned to a charge-transfer transition from to . And the VMoP/ catalyst give the largest value(2.292 eV) of the electron transition energy from to . It is shown that the catalyst supported on has a hyperfine structure centers that could not be easily oxidized, on the contrary the catalyst supported on has easily oxidizable centers.