Through the analysis of current science textbooks in secondary school, some concepts related to cloud forming was selected and then conceptual scheme was made. And the questionnaire of 16 items made by the results was used. The subjects are 331 students in middle school and 315 in high school. The results are as follows. 1) 21 misconceptions were identified. They related to evaporation, saturation, humidity, condensation, change of temperature and volume, cyclone and updraft etc. 2) On these misconceptions, middle school students have the trends to infer the causes of results according to their own understandings without scientific resources, but high school students, to routine memory of the results. And some misconceptions were intensified with the increasement of learning experience.

The study on the students' attitudes toward science was conducted with 1183 students from tenth grade and eleventh grade in an urban school. The instrument used for measuring attitudes was TOSRA (Fraser, 1981). The major findings of this study are as follows. 1. The mean scores on the students' attitudes toward science of male and female students have no statistically significant difference. 2. Science-major students have more positive attitudes toward science and science courses than umanity-major students. 3. Humanity-major students became more negative attitudes in attitude to scientific inquiry, enjoyment of science lessons, leisure interest in science, career interest in science among sub-categories of TOSRA with increasing grade level. Students' attitudes became more negative, but the correlation between attitude and achievement became more strong with increasing grade level. 4. The correlation between attitude and achievement indicates that a positive attitude results in higher achievement. This is particularly true for low-performance girls.

The purpose of this investigation is to determine source parameters such as focal mechanism, seismic moment, and source depth from recent shallow-focus earthquakes ('94∼'96) with sparse coverage in and near the Korean Peninsula. The moment tensor inversion method (TDMT_INV) is used to find the source mechanism. The focal solution for the Youngwol earthquake of December 13, 1996, is found to be a right-lateral strike slip with strike NE, and the Kyongju earthquake of June 25, 1997, is found to be a thrust fault with slight left-lateral in SE directions. The solution of the Neftegorsk earthquake in Sakhalin on May 27, 199s is also determined as a right-lateral strike-slip with 83° dip and NE strike.

The Ilkwang Cu-W deposit, located in the southeastern Kyongsang Basin, exhibits unique breccia pipe-type associated spatially with granodiorite to quartz monzonite. The oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotope systematics of quartz, sulfides and calcite from the deposit are used to speculate on the origin and the processes leading to Cu-W deposition. Magmatic fluids exsolved from the granites had composition in the range δD=-45 to -49‰, (SMOW) and =10.1 to 12.5‰ (SMOW). Arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite of the mineralized vein have values of -0.3 to 0.9‰ (CDT). The oxygen fugacity () and pH were estimated in the range -log,=30∼31, pH=6.4∼7.3 during the deposition of sulfide minerals. Calcite representing the latest mineralization of the Ilkwang Cu-W deposit have and values of -4.0 to -5.0‰(PDB) and -21.2 to -15.8‰ (PDB), respectively. The fluid which deposited calcite is inferred to have had and values of 16.2 to 22.7‰ (SMOW) and -3.8 to -0.8‰ (PDB), respectively. The values of suggests that they were enriched in the hydrothermal fluid as it evolved. The pH appears to be changed to less alkaline (pH=5.0∼7.0) and the oxygen fugacity were probably higher during the deposition of calcite. Although the oxygen fugacity and the pH were changed as the fluid evolved, the fluctuation was not significant probably due to the buffer solution with wall rock silicate assemblages. The ore fluid had chemical and isotopic compositions consistent with deep-seated metamorphic or magmatic fluids. These data highlight hypogene fluids exsolved from the crystallizing magma played an important role for the Ilkwang Cu-W mineralization.

Bouguer anomaly of the Ulleung basin varies from 0 mgal in the marginal area and 150 mgal in the center of the basin, the deepest water depth. It represents that there is shallow moho depth by the uplifted mantle to compensate the mass defficiency of the sea water and sedimenary section in the basin. Airy-Heiskanen method was applied to compute the three dimensional distribution of Moho depths using the Moho depth of 16 km at the center of the basin constrained by OBS experiment, digital data set of water depth and thickness of sedimentary section. Moho depths vary from 16 km in the center of the basin to about 27 km at east coast of Korea.

The depositional environment of macrotidal beaches depends upon the changes of the spatial and temporal hydrologic energies (tide, wave, wind etc.,). This changes represent the sedimentary structure and the grain size characters (textural parameters) of surface sediments in Mongsanpo macrotidal beach. To elucidate the depositional environment of Mongsanpo beach, total 156 surface sediments were collected on 5 profiles (each 7stations) bimonthly or seasonably. Statistical data were obtained by the graphic method of Folk and Ward (1957). Simultaneously, level of 2 profiles (M2, M5) was measured to interpret morphologic variation and sedimentation processes. Due to the inexistence of significant river inflow, relict sediments deposited in the shelf area play the major role in forming beach sediments. Wave-dominated unimodal distributions on the grain size frequency are typically general on the all beach faces, irrelevant to the phase of season. But tidal effect cannot be considered as negligible factor in winter season. Beach sands, transported during flood tide, have been winnowed out by wave action, whereas the resuspended sediments have moved offshore during ebb tide simultaneously. Grain size shows a finning trend toward offshore, but medium sands are significantly dominant in surf zone (level 1) due to the effect of wave breaking. High-tidal zone is steep slope caused by relatively strong wave effects, while mid and low-tidal zones are gentle slope due to the relatively dominant effect of tide and shoaling wave. In result, this macrotidal straight beach with non-river inflow, affected by the harmonic and continuous reaction of tide and wave, represents unimodal grain size distribution and gentle slope variation, while macrotidal beach cups show bimodal distribution.

The Cretaceous sedimentary rocks occupy the northeastern part of the Neungju Basin around Daedeok-myeon in Damyang-gun and Osan-myeon in Gokseong-gun, Chonnam Province. These rocks are mainly composed of conglomerates. Of these rocks, larger gravel bearing conglomerates are distributed in the Yeonhwari Formation, especially. The present study tried to trace fades changes and to infer paleo-depositional environments of the Yeonhwari Formation area in the area mentioned above. Descriptive works to sedimentary facies were focused to total of seven sections from which facies change can he recognized. In the sections, reddish, poorly sorted conglomerates with gravels of about 30 cm in mean largest diameter are widely distributed. The sedimentary rocks with boulder to cobblle sized conglomerates are divided into three types as follows; dominately matrix supported massive section, dominately clast supported massive one, and one intercalating stratified sandstone alternated with conglomerates. The boulder to cobble sized conglomerates with irregular size distributions and poor sorting and roundness imply the proximal part of alluvial fan deposits due to debris to sheet flows. Contrary to the above deposits, it is characteristic in a few northwest sections of Yongju-sa that mean largest diameter of the gravels rapidly decrease below is 15 cm, and sandstones relatively increase. The sandstones are well sorted and stratified, representing obvious boundaries with the conglomerates and they show fining upward. These are a mid alluvial fan characters extending from proximal one. From the above results, it is inferred that the sediments in the study area were deposited in alluvial fan environment and extended northwest, starting from Yongju-sa area. Based on the gravel composition of the conglomerates, gravels were mostly originated from schists and quartzites in the Seolokri Formation. Granites near the study area probably played the role of source rock in part.

On the northeastern slope of Cheju Island, volcanic activity is divided to four stages of lava flows. The first stage flows exist below sea level. Second stage flows are divided to two groups, one flows from high altitude (i.e. Hallasan Hawaiite: 0.52±0.03 Ma, Paeknoktam Hawaiite: 0.47±0.07 Ma), the other flows at low altitude and their vent is uncertain (i.e. Onpyeong-ri Alkali basalt: 0.67±0.03 Ma). The third stage (Yongnunie-orum Hawaiite: 0.176 Ma, Jhabomi Hawaiite: 0.12 Ma) and the fourth stage flows (Paknoktam Trachyte 0.025 Ma) are mostly from parasitic cone. Moreover, this area is divided HA (high altitute) and LA (low altitute) flows by topography and rock fades as sea level S00 m, critical point. The volcanic rocks of this area is chemically plotted into alkali series and tholeiite series, and the former is classified into alkali basalt, hawaiite, mugearite and trachyte. The tectonic setting of these rocks characterizes to chemical composition of the within plate basalt and these rocks derived from same mantle material, garnet peridotite, as partial melting. Also the rocks are plotted in the alkali series (Na-Series) by chemical data.ARx@R？R

For depositional environments of Hampyong Bay, which is a typical tide-inlet bay in the southwestern coast of Korea, a study on the suspended matters and physical properties of seawater, accumulation rate and distribution of surface sediments, and morphology were carried out. Temperature and salinity of seawater, and the concentrations of suspended matters were relatively high in hay-mouth than bay-head. Tidal currents are persistent with SE∼NW directions in the bay-mouth and the bay-head. Accordingly, the tidal circulation is very simple through the main tidal channel. Velocity of the tidal currents is relatively strong in the bay-mouth than the bay-head. The surface sediments of Hampyong Bay show several distribution patterns, widely ranging pebble to clay in grain size. The coarser sediments are widely distributed on the bay-mouth subtidal zone and bay-head intertidal zone, whereas the finner sediments dominate on the intertidal zone of both sides of the main tidal channel. Annual accumulation rates on the tidal flats were measured -42.6 ㎜/yr in mud flat and -0.1 ㎜/yr in mixed flat, respectively, indicating erosion-dominated environment. In the mud flat, the finer sediments are eroded in summer, and deposited in winter. In the mixed flat, however, this trends are opposite to those in the mud flat.at