Phenanthrene uptake by surfactant sorbed on activated carbon was investigated to recycle of surfactant in washed solution for contaminated soil. The partitioning of phenanthrene to the activated carbon coating with Triton X-100 as a surfactant was also evaluated by a mathematical model. Phenanthrene-contaminated soil (200 mg/kg) was washed in 10 g/L of surfactant solution. Washed phenanthrene in solution was separated by various particle loadings of granular activated carbon through a mode of selective adsorption. Removal of phenanthrene was 99.3%, and surfactant recovery was 88.9% by 2.5 g/L of granular activated carbon, respectively. Phenanthrene uptake by activated carbon was greater than that of phenanthrene calculated by a standard model for a system with one partitioning component. This is accounted for enhanced surface solubilization by hemi-micelles adsorbed onto granular activated carbon. The effectiveness factor is greater than 1 and molar ratio of solubilization to sorbed surfactant is higher than that of liquid surfactant. Results suggest that separation of contaminants and surfactants by activated carbon through washing process in soil is much effective than that of calculated in a theoretical model.

This study was conducted to investigate the spatial distributions of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) metals in soils around three log structures and a sound barrier, all built with CCA-treated wood. Sixty-six surface and 35 profile soil samples were collected around the wood structures in addition to 13 background soil samples. The concentrations of chromium, copper, and arsenic in the soil samples collected in the vicinity of the structures were higher than those in the background samples, except in the case of one structure. The concentrations in the surface soils adjacent to the 3-year-old structures seemed to be higher than those in the soils adjacent to the 8-year-old ones. Although the lateral distributions of the metals varied with the structures, chromium and arsenic appeared to show concentration gradients within 20-60 cm and 40-100 cm, respectively. Copper seemed to be the least mobile, displaying concentration gradients only within 20 cm. Even though there were no explicit vertical concentration gradients for any of the metals according to the profile soil sample analysis, chromium and copper seemed to show concentration gradients only up to 5 and 10 cm, respectively, whereas arsenic showed gradients up to 35 cm. At study sites, it was evident that heavy metals leached into soil from CCA-treated wood were confined to neighboring areas both laterally and vertically, and that any plausible ecological impact may occur only within a small range.

Sorption and desorption processes play an important role in the transport and fate of organic contaminants in subsurface system. In this study, sorption and desorption characteristics of atrazine in 7 soils selected at the Gwangju area were investigated. Soil organic carbon contents ranged from 0.42 to 2.82%. Sorption and desorption experiments were performed in batch slurries. Sorption distribution coefficient () of atrazine were ranged from 0.48 to 3.26 l/kg and value increased with increasing organic carbon contents except of Kyongbang and Youngdong soils. Single desorption data were analyzed by the three-site desorption model including equilibrium, non-equilibrium and non-desorbable site. Non-desorbable site fractions of atrazine in all soils were enumerated and non-desorbable atrazine was observed in seriesdilution desorption experiment. Sorption/desorption hysteresis was also observed in the series-dilution desorption experiment.

In this study, the feasibility of soil washing, chemical oxidation and sonication was investigated to treat lubricantcontaminated railroad soil. Tergitol, a non-ionic surfactant, was used as a washing agent with or without iso-propyl acohol as a cosolvent. However, it was not effective to remove lubricant from soil even though tergitol was the most effective washing agent for diesel-contaminated soil. The cosolvent reduced the overall washing efficiency. Chemical oxidation removed 30% of lubricant from contaminated soil. Soil washing after chemical oxidation extracted additionally 16-17% of lubricant. Sonication enhanced-soil washing showed enhanced overall efficiency of soil washing. Lubricant-contaminated soil should be remediated by the other technology used for diesel-contaminated soil.

A method estimating unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using Guelph permeameter was developed and applied to the Ddanseom area of Kimhae in Nakdong River basin where the facilities producing bank-filtrated groundwaters are currently under construction. It is believed that the hydraulic conductivity values obtained from this study are useful in determination of recharges through unsaturated zone or from the river. The distribution of the surface hydraulic conductivity shows that sediments are finer downstream, implying the downstream part of Ddanseom has the higher potential of groundwater production.

The efficiences of mineral acid (HCl), neutral salts (), and chelating agent (citric acid and -EDTA) were tested for extracting heavy metals from open burning and open detonation (OBOD) site soil. The extraction efficiencies of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from soil for various extractants were in the order of HCl > citric acid > -EDTA > , HCl (1.0 M) extracted effectively 82%, 86%, 80%, and 46% of initial total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between pH of extractant and amount of extracted heavy metals. Initially, examined heavy metals were predominantly bound to carbonate and Fe, Mn-oxide fraction. Though the significant amount of carbonate and Fe, Mn-oxide bounded metals were removed but a significant amount remained metals shifted to exchangeable (more mobile) fraction by HCl and citric acid extraction. The increased mobility of remaining metals could be problematic for water resources, thus careful management is needed to control the movement of heavy metals.

The drawdown distribution due to pumping by horizontal or slanted wells is analyzed by numerical modelling. In the numerical modelling uses 1-D discrete element feature included in commercial groundwater modeling program FEFLOW (version 5.1) and the results are compared with the semi analytic solution which uses superposition of successive point sources proposed by Zhan and Zlotnik (2002). Results of the numerical modeling agree well with the semi analytic solution except for very near field region of sink sources. The drawdown distribution due to pumping in riverbank filtration(RBF) plan site can be evaluated quantitatively by the numerical modeling in this study.

In this study physicochemical characteristics and stability of various manganese coated sands (MCS) prepared with different methods were evaluated. In addition, removal efficiencies of As(III) by each MCS were compared. Four different MCSs were used; B-MCS prepared by baking method, W&D-MCS prepared by wetting and dry method, NMCS prepared during the water treatment process and Birm which is a commercial MCS widely used for the removal iron and manganese. The manganese content in each MCS was following order: Birm (63,120 mg/kg) > N-MCS (10,400 mg/kg) >W&D-MCS (5,080 mg/kg) > B-MCS (2,220 mg/kg). Birm showed the least solubility (% basis) in acidic conditions. As(III) oxidation efficiency of B-MCS was continuously increased as the solution pH decreased. While As(III) oxidation efficiency of N-MCS and Birm was minimum around neutral pH. The increased As(III) oxidation efficiency above neutral pH for N-MCS and Birm could be due to the competitive adsorption of , which was produced from reduction of , onto the surface of aluminum and manganese oxides.

This study was carried out to evaluate the applicability of the full scale soil washing processes for reducing heavy metal contamination level of soil around an abandoned mine. In the results of soil washing of the target soil with and NaOH, the As concentrations of treated soil continuously increased compared with contaminated raw soil. Also, removal efficiencies of Zn and Ni were low. This problems might be caused by chemical partitioning of As in soil and its geologic origination, soil particle size, and scale up of washing plant.