[DEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex obtained from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide (organic cation) was reacted with the monomer (-caprolactone) to achieve the [DEACOOH]--caprolactone-Montmorillonite intercalations complex. From this intercalations complex Montmorillonite/Polycaprolactone nanocomposites in which montmorillonite (inorganic polymer) is chemically linked with the polycaprolactone (organic polymer) were formed at 240 by three different methods such as in stoichiometric amounts between monomer and organic cation, in excess of only the monomer and in excess of both organic cation and monomer. The products obtained after polymerization were analyzed with X-ray diffractometer and TEM.

The values of fracture energy and mechanical flexural strength of Fiber Reinforced Cement (FRC) with polypropylene (PP) fiber modified by Ion Assisted Reaction (JAR), by which functional groups were grafted on the surface of PP fiber, was improved about 2 times as those of fracture energy and flexural strength of cement reinforced by untreated PP fiber. PP fiber was irradiated in O environment by Ar+/ ion. The contact angle of PP treated by IAR decreased largely when compared with untreated PP. From this result, we expected that surface energy and interfacial adhesion force of treated PP fiber increased. The strain hardening occurred in the strain-stress curve of FRC including PP treated by IAR when compared with that of FRC with untreated PP. These enhanced mechanical properties might be due to strong interaction between hydrophilic group on modified PP fiber and hydroxyl group in cement matrix. This hydrophilic group on surface modified PP fiber was confirmed by XPS analysis. We clearly observed hydration products that were fixed at modified PP fiber due to the strong adhesion force of interface in cement reinforced modified PP by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) study.

MOCVD is one of the major deposition techniques for Cu thin films and Ta-Si-N is one of promising barrier metal candidates for Cu with high thermal stability. Effects of hydrogen plasma pretreatment of the underlying Ta-Si-N film surface on the Cu nucleation in Cu MOCVD were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron emission spectrometry analyses. Cu nucleation in MOCVD is enhanced as the rf-power and the plasma exposure time are increased in the hydrogen plasma pretreatment. The optimal plasma treatment process condition is the rf-power of 40 Wand the plasma exposure time of 2 min. The hydrogen gas flow rate in the hydrogen plasma pretreatment process does not affect Cu nucleation much. The mechanism through which Cu nucleation is enhanced by the hydrogen plasma pretreatment of the Ta-Si-N film surface is that the nitrogen and oxygen atoms at the Ta-Si-N film surface are effectively removed by the plasma treatment. Consequently the chemical composition was changed from Ta-Si-N(O) into Ta-Si at the Ta-Si-N film surface, which is favorable for Cu nucleation.

SrAlO powder was prepared by polymerized complex method and its nucleation was observed at different temperatures and times. Problems of inhomogeneity and high synthesis temperature induced by solid state reaction could be solved by using polymeric precursors. The process of decomposition by heat treatment above 40 was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and elemental analyzer. Crystallization of SrAlO occured at about 90 and its crystalline size. which was determined by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). was about 30∼50 nm.ﾖ⨀ꂷ내Āऀ會Āऀ䢷ﾖ⨀좸내Āऀ會Āऀꂷﾖ⨀내ĀĀĀ會ĀĀﾖ⨀Ⴛ내ԀĀ搀會Ā搀傸ﾖ⨀㢼내਀Ā저會Ā저ꢸﾖ⨀悽내ԀĀ搀會Ā搀¹ﾖ⨀袾내ഀĀ저會Ā저墹ﾖ⨀傟내ऀĀ搀會Ā搀낹ﾖ⨀炠내ȀȀᘀࢺﾖ⨀邡내̀Ȁᘀ悺ﾖ⨀셌돀Ⴑﾖ⨀𪒖⨀𪒖⨀ﾖ⨀돐Ëﾖ⨀�잖⨀࣋ﾖ⨀섏덐ᣋﾖ⨀쀏ꀏ
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The microwave dielectric properties of low temperature sintered BaO-NdO-TiO (here after BNT) with a Pb-based glass-ceramics were studied in order to investigate their applicability to Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) for fabrication of multilayered Radio Frequency (RF) passive components module. The BNT ceramics, with 5∼30 wt% of PbO-TiO-A1O-SiO based glass-ceramics, were sintered at 105, which is lower than 130, sintering temperature of pure BNT ceramics. With increasing the amount of the glass-ceramics, sintering rate of the ceramics become activated due to the softening of glass, resulting in low-temperature densification. BaO-NdO-TiO microwave ceramics with 20 wt% glass-ceramics exhibit sintered relative densities over 95% and dielectric constant of 72, quality factor of 1500, and temperature coefficient of frequency of +22 ppm/. This enhanced dielectric properties are attributed to mainly the presence of crystalline phases PbTiO within the Pb-based glass.

NiCr thin films were fabricated by thermal evaporation method using NiCr alloy as evaporating source. NiCr thin films were annealed at various temperatures in air atmosphere in order to investigate effects of annealing conditions on phase change, composition, and microstructures of NiCr films. Typical multilayer was formed after annealing in air atmosphere. This results from the diffusion and oxidation of Cr toward surface during annealing. In the case of annealing at 700, large columnar grains of NiO were formed on Cr-oxide layer through the diffusion and oxidation of Ni over Cr-oxide layer. Especially, NiO layer was formed additionally on surface, sustaining the underlayer structure with the formation of porous Ni layer.

To enhance the performance of anode-supported SOFC, single cell fabrication procedure was changed for better and resulting power generating characteristics of single cell were investigated. Liquid condensation process was employed for the granulation of NiO/YSZ powder mixture and the produced powder granules were compacted into anode green substrate by uni-axial pressing. YSZ electrolyte was printed on green substrate via screen-printing method and co-fired at 1400 for 3 h. LSM/YSZ composite cathode of which the composition and heat treatment condition was adjusted to minimize the polarization#resistance with AC-impedance spectroscopy, was screen printed. The final single cell size from this multi-step procedure was 55 and 1010 . The maximum power densities of 55 and 1010 single cells were about 0.45 W/ and 0.22 W/ at 800, which are two times superior than those from single cells fabricated by the conventional process in previous our work.

The electrical stability of ZPCCY-based varistors composing of ZnO-PrO-CoO-C - ceramics were investigated in various DC accelerated aging stress with sintering times. Sintering time greatly affected electrical properties and stability. Sintering time decreased nonlinear exponent in the range of 51.2∼23.8 and increased leakage current in the range of 1.3∼5.6 A. The varistor sintered for 1 h exhibited high nonlinearity, whereas relatively low stability. On the contrary, the varistor sintered for 3 h exhibited low nonlinearity, whereas relatively high stability. But the varistor sintered for 2 h exhibited not only good nonlinearity, with nonlinear exponent of 38.6 and leakage current of 3.6 A but also high stability, in which the variation rates of varistor voltage, nonlinear exponent, leakage current, and dissipation factor are -0.80%, -1.81 %, +74.4%, and +0.88%, respectively.

TiO, SiO, and PBA(Pseudo Boehemite Alumina) sol were prepared by sol-gel process. The particle sizes of these sol exhibited uniform 10∼30 nm. As the amount of SiO sol increased, the temperature of phase transition (from anatase phase to rutile phase) was raised temperature than , which attributed to the enhanced photocatalyst properties. Also, the anatase phase was obtained with very small amount of the rutile phase from the addition of SiO (10∼30 wt%) at annealing temperature of 120. The specimen with 20 wt% SiO sol exhibited the maximum photocatalyst properties. But, the specimen with PBA sol did not affect photocatalytic activity due to the presence of rutile phase.

AZO (Al-doped ZnO) thin films were deposited on glass by pulsed magnetron sputtering method, and their structural, electrical and optical properties were investigated. XRD patterns showed that a highly c-axis preferred AZO film was grown in perpendicular to the substrate when pulse frequency of 30 ㎑ was applied to the target. Microstructure of thin films showed that the fibrous grain of tight dome shape was grown. The deposition rate decreased linearly with increase of pulse frequency, and the lowest resistivity was 8.6710-4/ -cm for the film prepared at pulse frequency of 30 ㎑. The optical transmittance spectra of the films showed a very high transmittance of 85∼90%, within visible wavelength region and exhibited the absorption edge of about 350 nm. The characteristics of the low electrical resistivity and high optical transmittance of AXO films suggested a possibility for the application to transparent conducting oxides.

TiO and TiO-CdS powders which were expected to be highly activated photocatalysts were prepared using supercritical fluid method (SCF). The prepared photocatalyst TiO powders were crystalline of anatase and ultrafine spherical powders with large specific surface area. When photodecompositoion reaction was done with TiO powders prepared by SCF as a photocatalyst in DCA (Dichloroactic Acid) solution, a hazardous organic compound, the photocatlyst, properties of TiO powders prepared by SCF were better than that of commercial TiO powders.

We prepared cylindrical y-alumina pellets using amorphous alumina and pore generating agent. The pellets were immersed in an aqueous solution of the mixture of Fe(NO)ㆍ9 and COOH. They were then hydrothermally treated at 20 for 3 h in autoclave, dried and calcined. For the application of environmental catalyst for its, we investigated the decomposition characteristics of 4-chlorophenol and the initiation characteristics of OH` conversion action in environment with or without the FeO supported -alumina catalyst and molecule.