This article is concerned with the development of adjustment factors that can be applied to the capacity estimation of modem roundabouts, which have not yet been introduced in Korea. There are two main model approaches that estimate the capacity at modern roundabouts throughout the world, namely, empirical statistical models and theoretical models. The formula in this paper adopts the basic structure of the 2000 HCM model, a notable theoretical model initially developed by gap acceptance theory. However, the formula proffered in this paper takes into account equivalent adjustment factors for consistency and homogeneity assumptions made in the original formula. In addition, another adjustment factor for approach grades at roundabouts is also introduced. Thus, the HCM formula is gradually enhanced with the adjustment factors developed in this paper. Some computational efforts are made for the validity of equivalent adjustment factors.

The local street is an area functioning as visiting neighbors, pedestrian space, and a residential district to the main street. However, the rapid increasement of vehicles and houses results in the illegal parking and the decreasement of the function of boulevards results in growing the traffic load in the local street and the severe noise pollution, the pedestrian environment of the local street is deteriorating. By the analysis of pedestrian's trace taken with camcorder, this paper intends to supply the basic material of pedestrian's behavior in local street. In the local street closely locating in the urban area, which is bidirectional, it is shown the AM ratio is high and the speed rate of walking is low and additionaly, the level of pedestrian service is also low. It is believed that the pedestrian environment in the bidirectional street is worse than that of one-way street because of the limited pedestrian space in the bidirectional street. Consequently, a large number of pedestrians are threatened by the growing speed rate and walking rate. So, a pedestrian-oriented concept and rules regulating high speed rate are urgently needed in enforcing the one-way transit system.

Evaluation process is essential fer the decision makers to determine whether there should be something to be implemented. To do so, a kind of evaluation index is most likely to be required. For the roadway implementation, the decision makers generally want to see a ratio of roadway area to urbanized area. However, this index is not appropriate fur evaluating the level of roadway establishment in urban area, since the index does not reflect the roadway functions such as highway, arterial road, collector road and so forth. The main purpose of this study is to develop new evaluation index which can represent the level of roadway establishment in urban area properly. The basis of new index is to consider the amount of activity and the roadway capacity within the area to be interested. The new index is able to represent the level of roadway establishment in urban area reasonably, and to figure out the social and economic situation in the area interested.

Disaggregate behavioral model has been researched since the late 1970s, and it has been improved in various ways. However the data adopted in establishing a model are still the raw data that are collected through questionnaire surveys represented by Person Trip Survey, and the accuracy and efficiency of the data have not been discussed thoroughly yet. Thus the objectives of the present research are to compensate the non-response data in a questionnaire survey using the GIS-adopting Network Method, and to develop a method to obtain the compensated subjective data efficiently. The present research aimed at efficient use of questionnaire surveys, and suggested a data compensation method utilizing subjective data from questionnaire surveys and objective data from such as traffic size investigation. In particular, the non-response data included in subjective data is compensated by subjective data calculated in GIS. The results we, first, that it was possible to prepare data of no significant difference from the subjective data by converting the objective data obtained from the network into one close to subjective data. Second, the number of effective samples increased by 886, compared to that of the complete data. Third, the data model compensated with GIS showed higher values in rho-bar square, and the hitting ratio.

This paper deals with to estimate the valuation of traffic information and benefit-cost following improved traffic project for valuable estimation of Non-market goods. CVM calculates value which is given by citizen before a project construction, indirectly investigates validation of the project based on estimated value. This study supposes that the traffic information system is introduced for mitigating the traffic problems. The imaginary scenarios are designed for estimating the value of Non-market-goods, estimation in advance and experts investigation are needed for rising the confidence level, dichotomous choice question is chosen in question method. The traffic information value is estimated through the scenario. The value of the traffic information was estimated as won by the Jeon-ju citizen. The estimated value of information is less then the other value. This means that the traffic information as public goods indicates low value of information because they think that tax is enough to use this information and this information is uncertain.

From 1980s, a number of attempts on structural analysis for reflective cracking have been made based on fracture mechanics concept, but the fracture behavior of flexible pavements with various reinforcing materials installed inside the asphalt layers has been little studied. Moreover, analysis results of stress intensity factor are different from researchers to researchers. Therefore, in this study, stress intensity factor at the crack tip inside the pavement system is determined with respect to the variation of reinforcement locations, reinforcement stiffnesses, and traffic load conditions such as flexure mode and shear mode. It is noted that mode I stress intensity factor is to be 0 due to the crack closure, as the crack which was originated from the base layer reaches to a half to two-thirds of total thickness of surface layer and base layer. And under the flexural loading condition, the placing of reinforcement on the bottom of the base or inside the subbase is shown to be a best way for delaying propagation of cracking. However, a better placing of reinforcement for the shear loading condition ranges from the middle portion of surface layer to that of base layer.

This study aims to evaluate economics by LCC analysis and comparison for presented alternatives of bridge superstructure type in the planning stage. Four types of presented bridge superstructure are Closed-Top Steel Box Girder, Open-lop Steel Box Girder, Prestress Concrete Box Girder, and Few Member Plate Girder. For LCC analysis and comparison of them the present value technique is used. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) systematic LCC analysis process of bridge superstructure type and a few fundamental information for bridge LCC are suggested, (2) A LCC analysis model for bridge superstructure type is developed, (3) as a result of LCC case study, the superstructure type of Few Member Plate Girder is investigated as the most economic one among them.

Applying the information from the previous project to the planning stage of ongoing project can lead lots of effectiveness in project management. Especially this information is very useful for cost planning and cost analysis. But, construction industry in Korea, doesn't use this important information yet and it is due to the absent of cost analysis structure which coincide with available information on the project process. With current road cost analysis system, because it is based on the detail information in the specification, cost can be calculated when detail quantity by work item is determined. In this reason, setting up the budget is achieved after basic design is finished and that is one of the principle problems of cost management system of construction project in Korea. So main cost drivers and quantity units that can explain the costs of each facility elements or construction elements the most efficiently are analyzed by Regression Analysis, in this paper, with the historical data for road construction work, and Standard Cost Analysis Format that can be used in establishing cost plan is presented through this analysis process.

Nowadays, the combined GPS/GLONASS has been used to obtain the position and time information in RTX(Real-Time kinematic). Expecially, in real-time kinematic, the accuracy of positioning in horizon of RTK GG(GPS/GLONASS) and RTK GPS is within at the sites which a few satellites were tracked and the communication works well. And, in RTK GG(GPS/GLONASS), the kinematic positioning of vehicle was able to be done with the help of the high rate of acquisition of float solutions and autonomous positions despites of few satellites and the surrounding obstructions. However, in RTK GPS, it is impossible to determine the kinematic positioning of vehicle continuously on some part because of few satellites despite of the high rate of acquisition of differential corrected positions. And, in RTK GG, the accuracy of moving trajectory of vehicles is within the standard deviation of digital restitution by job regulation of digital map composition in National Geographic Institute.

With a developing high technology, it brings more development in the surveying part so that the number of precision surveying system like GPS receiver or GPS satellite has been a tendency to increase. As the GPS is the system of three dimensional positioning method, the distance is determined by GPS receiver and satellites more that four so that the precision of distance including error has changed with array, the number and the observation distance of satellite. This research is to show that earth surface position error changes according to the number and combination of observation satellites by relative location observation method. Least square method is used for position error analysis. It is to analyze what is the minimum observation time when limiting the position error.

Because the many models which are related in the water resource and water-quality management use the watershed and stream as basic data, its extraction is a very important work. For a long time, DEM(Digital Elevation Model) was used for it but it's using in low relief produced many errors. With the study on the auto-extraction of watershed and stream network using BurnDEM which is modified DEM and on the effects of resolution difference of DEM in small-scale watershed, we get the follow results. Watershed-extraction using BurnDEM make no difference with DEM in high relief but the BurnDEM raises the accuracy of watershed-extraction in low relief, In the stream network, when we use the BurnDEM, we can extract the stream network which is very similar to that was extracted from digital map. The 30m DEM make a favorable comparison with 100m DEM in small-scale watershed such as the Jeonju-stream.

Construction of a new highway requires selection of a minimum cost route, which involves careful planning, design, land cost, and construction. Selection of the most economical route is a complex process which depends on detailed assessment of a number of factors including geographic features and damage to properties and environment. A computerized highway design model can greatly assist in evaluating several alignment alternatives, can save time and money, and can help in making reliable decisions. The proposed highway design models seek to minimize alignment-sensitive costs subject to a set of design constraints. Previous studies on highway design optimization had limited practical application due to a number of deficiencies. This study starts by investigating major cost components in highway optimization and addressing inherent deficiencies in the existing optimization models that limit their practical application. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are exploited and costs sensitive to geography are comprehensively formulated. GIS-based algorithms are developed to compute land costs using spatial relations. Genetic Algorithms (GA) are used for optimization due to their effectiveness at searching in a continuous search space where numerous local optima exist. A hi-directional communication link is established between the GIS and the GA to develop an integrated model enabling continuous exchange of data during the optimization process.

National Geography Institute(NGI) have been constructing the database of aerial photo image from 2000 year and have been groping the application plan. But, there are some problems in using this aerial photo as quantitative object, because 60% of all aerial photo don't have the results of ground control points. Therefore, we have made a digital ortho-image by acquiring the results of the ground control points from the digital map and paper map which had made already and by digital image processing method. we have searched the possibility of the 3-D digital map making by using aerial photo image database. As a result of this work, we could know that the case which used original map of analytical plotting and the 1:1,000 digital map as data source is satisfied with the allowed accuracy of digital map manufacture according each scale, but other cases must be restricted suitably to apply for as quantitative object.