Increase in transit speed is one of the most effective ways of increasing the attractiveness of transit for urban travel as well as of increasing the efficiency of transit operation. Though its effects on the passenger travel time were rigorously analyzed, the benefits of transit speed increase have not been fully evaluated. This paper analyzes the impacts of transit speed increase not only on the passengers but also on transit operators. The methods of speeding up transit system are also discussed and real-world transit systems are utilized to analyze and show the effects numerically. The results of this paper clearly show many benefits for transit users as well as transit operators.

Concentration of traffic demand and Not-planned development results in a serious fluctuation of traffic movement. The queue in a left-turn lane not only affects through movements but also causes traffic accidents when left-turn movements concentrate on a intersection, Although the attempt which efficiently manages turn movements such as advanced signal system that treats traffic movements in real time has done, there is a limitation in treating traffic volume by only signal timing. In this paper, A Left-Turn Reversible Lane System is developed into a concept of managing space which can treat left-turn movement actively. A result of applying A Left-Turn Reversible Lane System and simulation shows that average delay decreases in 12 second per vehicle rather than when a signal timing is just optimized. In addition to, the dispersion of queue and delay reduces serious queue which originates in specific movements, and it is expected to decrease traffic accidents which result from unreasonable lane changing in an intersection.

The aims of this paper are to develope drivers' route choice behavior models based on artificial neural network theory and to analyze the variation of drivers' preference as the change of their social-economic characteristics. In this paper, artificial neural network theory is applied to effectively incorporate the non-linearity of decision-making process, which was difficult to dealt in tradition. To improve the cross-section model and establish the importance of the dynamic model, the artificial neural network theory is introduced in the dynamic route choice model of this paper. At the result of analysis, we find that the fit-ratio of the artificial neural network model of this paper higher than it of the existed multinomial legit model and applied fuzzy inference model.

Ramps are sections of the highway that provide access control from one facility to another. The entering and exiting sections cause disturbance and traffic accident more than basic segment. So, on the ramp and ramp junction, more careful attention is required to reduce these problems. It is more difficult to analyze the MOE of the Ramp-freeway junction than that of the basic segment because ramp-freeway junction facilities interrupt the normal flow of basic segments by merging or diverging traffic flow. In the KHCM 1992, the check point traffic volume is used as the MOE of the ramp-freeway junction. In the USHCM 2000, the influential area is defined and the density is used as the MOE of the ramp-freeway junctions because of being more precise MOE comparing with other measures. But, to date, it is not verified whether the USHCM 2000 method is appropriate to the existing conditions in korea or not. Then, this study was reviewed the validity of the MOE and the LOS analysis method of the USHCM 2000 and suggested the new method appropriate to the existing traffic conditions.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of freeway ramp metering with PARAMICS, which is a microscopic traffic simulation program. Since 1970s, various ramp metering algorithms have been developed and some of them are already applied in the fields. However, most of the studies dealing with the effectiveness of ramp metering focus mainly on the improvement of mainline traffic and it is not well known whether ramp metering improves the total traffic system including ramp and adjacent highway. This study analyses the system-wide effectiveness of four ramp metering algorithms, ALINEA, Bottleneck, Zone, and SWARM. The results show ramp metering reduces total vehicle travel time up to 7% and coordinated algorithms such as SWARM and Bottleneck do not outperform over ALINEA or Zone algorithms. It is also shown that there exists a non-linear relation between the effectiveness of ramp metering and the parameters.

The main purpose of network construction and operation is for quick, easy and safe movement of people and goods to their destinations. As economy grows, the time value increases and hence the mobility becomes more important. The effort to maintain and improve the mobility in cities and/or regions has been performed in these days. However, the analytical study to identify the mobility itself has not been widely done in Korea. In Korea, speed and traffic volume studies are general cases in this arena, even in national scale projects. Consequently, those studies cannot make people or policy makers quickly understand the network mobility status. Furthermore, speed and traffic volume sometimes misguide them due to the nature of congestion. This paper argues the necessity of macroscopic mobility indices for two reasons. One is for policy makers and people, and the other is for experts in tragic engineering. The conditions that good indices need to satisfy are enumerated. TTI, CI, two-fluid model parameters are suggested for plausible candidate indices. With real data of two urban networks, CBD network and Kangnamgu network in Seoul, those indices are validated in the aspect of usefulness. The result is quite promising and hybrid use of the indices would be very meaningful for easy understanding and identifying level of highway network operation and network traffic control. Finally, those indices should be improved with real size application for further improvement.

This dissertation is to propose possible schemes that can help reduce traffic accidents in Korea. The history of research shows that most studies on this topic have mainly focused on easing traffic jams and thereby improving traffic flows and on better controlling traffic accidents. Researchers have not quite touched on the fact that the investment in facilities and environments that are aimed specifically at securing the traffic safety and the improvement of the premium rates system do indeed contribute to the reduction of the cost germane to traffic accidents. Such neglect seems to be due to the understanding of traffic issues in Korea until the 90s, the time when the realistic focus was on the distribution of resources and commodities, which was imperative for the development of Korean industries. However, the explosive increase of traffic accidents during the period brought about serious social problems and hampered the industrial development of the country. As a result, the demand for various plans to reduce traffic accidents has surged. In response to such a demand, there-fore, this study delves into the possibility of reducing traffic accidents through the adjustment of the premium rates systems of automobile insurance, and, in the same vein, into the investment in bettering traffic facilities and environments. Toward the end, the study will propose several of possible plans for the reduction of traffic accidents, plans gestated in the improvement of the premium rates system of automobile insurance. Proposed plans are as follows: First, liability insurance must be integrated into full coverage automobile insurance and the purchase of full coverage automobile insurance must be made a mandatory. Second, the premium system must be further reinforced for persons with the history of traffic violations. Third, the premium rates system must be further improved. Fourth, a premium rates system that takes into consideration the difference in buyers resident areas must be introduced. Fifth, since there are occasions in which traffic accidents are caused by flaws in the road condition, an introduction of a road insurance system which can compensate for damages caused by faults in the road maintenance must be carefully considered.

In urban area, the most desirable interchange type of the freeway connection is the one with the least area and expense; diamond interchange. The spill-back may be generated from the lack of space for ramp-entering left-turn movement at the two adjacent intersections of conventional diamond interchange. In this paper, a new design technique is proposed as one technique to improve the traffic operation problems of diamond interchange. Introducing a left turn bay placed to the left of oncoming traffic in internal link, the technique allows ramp-entering movements from the cross street to enter to the ramp at the upstream intersection. Differently from conventional continuous flow intersection requiring additional intersection, there is no any additional intersection in the technique. Thus the restrictions for conventional continuous flow intersections are removed, and additionally median facility is requested to separate the conflicts between left-turning and oncoming flows. The simulation results show that the proposed design is superior to the existing design through various test scenarios, in reducing delay time.

The Ministry of Construction and Transportation secured the budget for ITS Model City Development Project in 1999 and launched the project in 2000. The purposes of the project were to activate ITS business and industry, to accumulate techniques and experiences of deploying ITS systems, to establish institutional environment for local governments' ITS Projects, and to improve transportation services. This study analyzes the results and problems of ITS Model City Development Project for finding the ways of improving the efficiency of central government-subsidized ITS projects implemented by local governments.

A fundamental study of a snow melting system using carbon-heating paint is presented in this paper. Various numerical analysis and laboratory experiments have been performed to evaluate the effect and applicability of the snow melting system to the field. Different types of cover sheets for the heating membrane, which are used to protect the membrane during the construction and to prevent the penetration of the moisture, are compared through a series of laboratory tests. As a result, a water proofing sheet, which is used in bridge deck pavement, is turned out to be adequate for the protection of the heating membrane. The heating membrane type B has been selected and tested under various air temperatures with different slab thicknesses of asphalt concrete. Physical properties of asphalt concrete related to heat transfer are determined through a comparison of test results and numerical analysis results obtained from the computer software FLAC. Using these physical properties, a two-dimensional analysis is conducted to determine an adequate distance between heating membranes. It is observed from the analysis that the 80 to 100% of the width of the heating membrane is appropriate to obtain a target surface temperature of the pavement. To improve the applicability of the snow melting system, a further study on the power supply and control system should be followed.

Highway classification is essential part of defining design criteria of road. Currently the classification is done by various criteria such as its function and location and so on in Korea. However, it is also true that almost all the classification of the highway is done by administrative district. This paper focused on developing traffic index which can be used to classify the highways by factor and cluster analysis. In addition, to verify the results, franc characteristics and socioeconomic indices by new class and existing one were compared each other. Throughout the research, four categories were suggested to class all highways such as type I is urban highway, type II urban/rural, type III rural, type IV recreational highway, respectively. In according to the groups, The mean value of the 30th K factors is about 9 percent for the urban highway, while 12 percent for rural one, and 16 percent for the recreational one. Therefore, the currently design K value specified in KHCM(Korean Highway Capacity Manual) seems to be large one so that it should be modified later.

There has been an urgent issue with regards to measuring the performance of Construction Management (CM) projects to have owners realize the superiority of CM approach. As the CM method settles in Korea, the most important research area is to review the current practices and identify the obstacles to the successful CM projects previously done or on going. I this point of views, the benefits of this paper is a three-fold. First, the benchmarking results of the CM companies of which each one of them represents different groups of construction industry (i.e., private sector, public sector, SOC) is provided to explain the current situation of CM. Second, the success factors in each knowledge area PMI(Project Management Institute) suggests for successful CM projects are identified by analyzing 5 on-going CM projects in the public and SOC sector. In last, the roadmap required for expediting CM by utilizing the success factors is presented. It is expected that the products generated from this study not only can be used as a guideline for CM-oriented organization in advancing the level of CM capability but also expediting the CM in Korea.

The standard construction information classification system is an essential element in construction cost saving and effective reproduction and exchange of an information created through construction activity. Recently, Ministry Of Construction & Transportation established a new construction information classification system. This shows omission of classification contents and shortage of consistency in appling it for subway construction. In addition, classification system that is used in Subway Construction Headquarter of each city has limitations in the consistency of classification level, insecure mnemonic of classification code and omission of classification content etc. On the base of the currently identified requirements classification system has to satisfy, this research analyzes the information classification system of subway construction and then suggests an approach for the improvement of a facility classification and a work classification system that are applicable to subway construction.

Bridges are increasing in number and total lengths with nation wide road-networks expanded and improved sustainingly. Keeping pace with the situation, many results of studies on maintenance and management of bridge have been being published. Not a few of the presented papers are experimental studies just focusing on effects of materials, which slightly deal with the importance of construction management about before and after construction. After reviewing the significance of construction management in maintenance-management, this paper results the integrated material-technique system as a model for its systematic management.

Construction productivity rates differ between projects because of the varying environments, characteristics, and project management efforts for each project. Therefore, when analyzing construction productivity, one should consider the drivers that cause construction productivity differences between projects. This paper proposed a methodology to evaluate the impacts of project environment factors on construction productivity. First, 12 environment factors are defined. Then rotative weights for each environment factor are assigned based on experts' opinion and these weights are used to calculate the project environment index for each project. This paper also proposes how to estimate construction productivity using project environment index with sufficient data in the future.

While maps created from ortho-imaging techniques provide excellent visibility for the collection of qualitative information, typically, such maps are less effective in terms of their ability to provide information of the quantitative variety. However, there is much promise in the use of ortho-image maps in the next generation of topographic technology due to its wider applicability. By finding a way to circumvent this present limitation of ortho-imaging techniques, it becomes possible to reach the next generation of cutting edge topographical technology. In the PKNU 2 ortho-imaging system, quantitative information becomes more easily accessible by a method which utilizes Ground Control Points (GCPs) to enable the matching of natural features in the ortho-image with those of a topographical map. In our study, we performed an evaluation of the PKNU 2 system and demonstrated that it was possible to produce ortho-image maps with a good constant level rate of less than 1 meter. Thus, in this study, we examined the feasibility of a more flexible system that can bridge the gap between qualitative and qualitative information.

Precise GPS positioning in real time becomes increasingly important for many geodetic applications. For single based RTK, as the distance between GPS rover station and GPS base station increases, more decorrelated positioning errors limit the ability for PDGPS (Precise Differential GPS). To overcome the limitations of standard RTK systems, networks of GPS reference stations are being used in many countries worldwide. The objective of this paper is to present the improvement of using VRS (virtual reference station) based on multiple GPS reference station network to single reference station for static positioning in post-processing mode. For this, virtual reference observation of 27 cases from GPS observations of CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Station) around test area are derived by using web service in post-mode. The check point post-processed by VRS observations and compared with the known ones. The result of study shows the potential effect of PDGPS by GPS permanent reference station network.

This paper present to how to make cyber Territory using GIS and digital map. Because the development of the GIS has been 2-dimension in the last few years, viewpoint of the highresolution image estimate was diffcult. The geo-spatial information system has lots of errors in the policy decision and the principal decision making because it was displayed as 2 dimension map that the digital map and topographical map, geological map, agronomical map, cadastral map and underground facility map are expressed as a symbol pracucally in spite that it is spatial topography data. It is utilized as effective administration analyzing, all kinds of discussion, transportation and environnmental effect evaluation, various kinds of building discussion and policy decision through researching the present condition of region as 3 dimension map using digital map and GIS when drafting and cyber effect deciding all kinds of urban planning so it is considered that errors of policy decision will be minimized.

This paper deals with the estimation methods for earth volume in combination with RTK GPS(Real-Time Kinematic GPS) and TS(Total Station) at the development district of residential land, according to the interpolation methods, the height, and the formula of volume calculation. First, to confirm the positioning accuracy of RTK GPS, positioned the same points measured by TS. As a result, the coordinate differences are within a few centimeter at X, Y and h. Next, analysis of earth-volume shows that the cut and fill volume measured by RTK GPS is much similar to that by TS. Also, with help of RTK GPS is Possible to save time and spare expense, not to speak of precision, in calculation of earth-volume. So it is expected that RTK GPS will be applicable to the calculation of earth-volume at a small site effectively.