DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Impact of Rumors and Misinformation on COVID-19 in Social Media

  • Tasnim, Samia (Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station) ;
  • Hossain, Md Mahbub (Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station) ;
  • Mazumder, Hoimonty (Save the Children)
  • Received : 2020.03.28
  • Accepted : 2020.04.02
  • Published : 2020.05.29

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only caused significant challenges for health systems all over the globe but also fueled the surge of numerous rumors, hoaxes, and misinformation, regarding the etiology, outcomes, prevention, and cure of the disease. Such spread of misinformation is masking healthy behaviors and promoting erroneous practices that increase the spread of the virus and ultimately result in poor physical and mental health outcomes among individuals. Myriad incidents of mishaps caused by these rumors have been reported globally. To address this issue, the frontline healthcare providers should be equipped with the most recent research findings and accurate information. The mass media, healthcare organization, community-based organizations, and other important stakeholders should build strategic partnerships and launch common platforms for disseminating authentic public health messages. Also, advanced technologies like natural language processing or data mining approaches should be applied in the detection and removal of online content with no scientific basis from all social media platforms. Furthermore, these practices should be controlled with regulatory and law enforcement measures alongside ensuring telemedicine-based services providing accurate information on COVID-19.

Keywords

References

  1. Raman S. Public health experts worry about spread of COVID-19 misinformation: some say federal agencies should do more to stamp out misconceptions; 2020 Mar 18 [cited 2020 Mar 28]. Available from: https://www.rollcall.com/2020/03/18/public-health-experts-worry-about-spread-of-covid-19-misinformation/.
  2. Shu K, Sliva A, Wang S, Tang J, Liu H. Fake news detection on social media: a data mining perspective. SIGKDD Explor 2017; 19(1):22-36. https://doi.org/10.1145/3137597.3137600
  3. Wallen J. Coronavirus: Indian man 'died by suicide' after becoming convinced he was infected. Telegraph; 2020 Feb 12 [cited 2020 Mar 28]. Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/coronavirus-indian-man-died-suicide-becoming-convinced-infected/.
  4. Busari S, Adebayo B. Nigeria records chloroquine poisoning after Trump endorses it for coronavirus treatment. CNN; 2020 Mar 23 [cited 2020 Mar 28]. Available from: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/23/africa/chloroquine-trump-nigeria-intl/index.html.
  5. Spencer SH. False claims of nationwide lockdown for COVID-19. Factcheck; 2020 Mar 16 [cited 2020 Mar 28]. Available from: https://www.factcheck.org/2020/03/false-claims-of-nationwide-lockdown-for-covid-19/.
  6. Kasulis K. 'Patient 31' and South Korea's sudden spike in coronavirus cases. Aljazeera; 2020 Mar 3 [cited 2020 Mar 28]. Available from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/31-south-korea-sudden-spike-coronavirus-cases-200303065953841.html?xif=.
  7. Statt N. Major tech platforms say they're 'jointly combating fraud and misinformation' about COVID-19. Verge; 2020 Mar 16 [cited 2020 Mar 28]. Available from: https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/16/21182726/coronavirus-covid-19-facebook-google-twitter-youtube-joint-effort-misinformation-fraud.
  8. Zhao X, Rafiq A, Hummel R, Fei DY, Merrell RC. Integration of information technology, wireless networks, and personal digital assistants for triage and casualty. Telemed J E Health 2006; 12(4):466-474. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2006.12.466
  9. HK police arrest man "for spreading fake virus news". RTHK News; 2020 Feb 4 [cited 2020 Mar 28]. Available from: https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1506616-20200204.htm.
  10. Collinson S, Khan K, Heffernan JM. The effects of media reports on disease spread and important public health measurements. PLoS One 2015;10(11):e0141423. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141423

Cited by

  1. Parental Online Information Access and Childhood Vaccination Decisions in North America: Scoping Review vol.22, pp.10, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2196/20002
  2. Diagnostic Accuracy of Web-Based COVID-19 Symptom Checkers: Comparison Study vol.22, pp.10, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2196/21299
  3. Public Emotions and Rumors Spread During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: Web-Based Correlation Study vol.22, pp.11, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2196/21933
  4. Associations Between COVID-19 Misinformation Exposure and Belief With COVID-19 Knowledge and Preventive Behaviors: Cross-Sectional Online Study vol.22, pp.11, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2196/22205
  5. Dynamic Public Health Surveillance to Track and Mitigate the US COVID-19 Epidemic: Longitudinal Trend Analysis Study vol.22, pp.12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2196/24286
  6. Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review vol.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24457.1
  7. Women's Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceptions Toward COVID-19 in Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Representative Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh vol.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.571689
  8. Natural products' role against COVID-19 vol.10, pp.39, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03774e
  9. A Semiotic Examination On Instagram Posts Of The Ministry Of Health: #Lifefitshome vol.19, pp.spec, 2020, https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.767280
  10. Social Networks’ Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: Health Media vs. Healthcare Professionals vol.17, pp.14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145261
  11. Fighting an Infodemic in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Leveraging Technology and Social Media vol.53, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.345
  12. Raising awareness of suicide prevention during the COVID‐19 pandemic vol.40, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.12141
  13. Partnerships as an Avenue to Translate Emerging Disease Ecology of SARS-CoV-2 to Agricultural Groups vol.25, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2020.1815626
  14. Analysis of Factors Affecting Quality of corona.jatengprov.go.id Website Towards User Satisfaction using Webqual 4.0 Method vol.1641, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1641/1/012066
  15. Scientifically unproven treatments for COVID-19 vol.5, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2020.05.04.3
  16. Impacts of biomedical hashtag-based Twitter campaign: #DHPSP utilization for promotion of open innovation in digital health, patient safety, and personalized medicine vol.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.04.004
  17. COVID-19 Sources of Information, Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors Among the US Adult Population vol.27, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001348
  18. Communication challenges of a tobacco addictiveness reduction policy vol.19, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/134747
  19. Risk Communication Effectiveness During COVID-19 Pandemic Among General Population in Saudi Arabia vol.14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s294885
  20. How to Make Health and Risk Communication on Social Media More “Social” During COVID-19 vol.14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s317517
  21. Generic Logic Model for Coronavirus Disease-2019 Responses Based on the South Korean Experience vol.14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s336425
  22. Advancing Mental Health and Psychological Support for Health Care Workers Using Digital Technologies and Platforms vol.5, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2196/22075
  23. Socioeconomic Disparities in eHealth Literacy and Preventive Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong: Cross-sectional Study vol.23, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2196/24577
  24. Using Narrative Evidence to Convey Health Information on Social Media: The Case of COVID-19 vol.23, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.2196/24948
  25. The Influence of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Prevention and Vaccination Behaviors Among Chinese Children and Adolescents: Cross-sectional Online Survey Study vol.7, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2196/26372
  26. The Evolution of Rumors on a Closed Social Networking Platform During COVID-19: Algorithm Development and Content Study vol.9, pp.11, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2196/30467
  27. Utility of Facebook’s Social Connectedness Index in Modeling COVID-19 Spread: Exponential Random Graph Modeling Study vol.7, pp.12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.2196/33617
  28. The impact of panic spread in social media over COVID-19 on dental students of Nellore, India - A cross-sectional study vol.19, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_56_21
  29. Citizens’ Opinion on Governmental Response to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Qualitative Study from Iran vol.58, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211024906
  30. A Pilot Study of Medical Misinformation Perceptions and Training Among Practitioners in North Carolina (USA) vol.58, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211035742
  31. Fear at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: validation of the Arabic version of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire among Saudi-based respondents vol.7, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.166
  32. A Statistical Analysis On Covid-2019 To Distinguish Between Myths And Facts With Data Visualization vol.1022, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1022/1/012043
  33. Sensationalist social media usage by doctors and dentists during Covid-19 vol.7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076211028034
  34. Resilience of Hong Kong people in the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from a survey at the peak of the pandemic in Spring 2020 vol.31, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2020.1778516
  35. The Impact of Media on Public Health Awareness Concerning the Use of Natural Remedies Against the COVID-19 Outbreak in Saudi Arabia vol.14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s317348
  36. COVID-19 Infodemic: Analysis of the Spread and Reach of Misinformation vol.9, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e5260.019521
  37. Social Media Responses to the Pandemic: What Makes a Coronavirus Meme Creative vol.12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.569987
  38. Investigating Links Between Fear of COVID-19, Neuroticism, Social Networks Use Disorder, and Smartphone Use Disorder Tendencies vol.12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682837
  39. Internet Rumors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Dynamics of Topics and Public Psychologies vol.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.788848
  40. Particle Filtration Efficiency Testing of Sterilization Wrap Masks vol.54, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.394
  41. Multistakeholder Participation in Disaster Management-The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic vol.9, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020203
  42. Hashtags in Linguistic Anthropology: A COVID-19 Case Study vol.12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4000/angles.4489
  43. Africa’s contribution to the science of the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic vol.6, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004059
  44. A glossary of pandemic-related terms vol.84, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.092
  45. The Impact of Sex and Personality Traits on Social Media Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland vol.13, pp.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094793
  46. eHealth Literacy and Self-care Behavior during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic among Youths: A Path Analysis vol.9, pp.5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6664
  47. Is COVID-19 Immune to Misinformation? A Brief Overview vol.13, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41649-020-00155-x
  48. How Social Media Comments Inform the Promotion of Mask-Wearing and Other COVID-19 Prevention Strategies vol.18, pp.11, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115624
  49. Strengthening Culturally Competent Health Communication vol.19, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2021.0048
  50. ‘Fake news’ or trust in authorities? The problems of uncertainty at a time of medical crisis vol.13, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1386/jams_00049_1
  51. Fake News Reaching Young People on Social Networks: Distrust Challenging Media Literacy vol.9, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9020024
  52. The social crisis aftermath: tourist well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak vol.29, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1843047
  53. Real-Time Tracking of COVID-19 Rumors Using Community-Based Methods in Côte d'Ivoire vol.9, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.9745/ghsp-d-21-00031
  54. COVID-19 vaccination readiness among nurse faculty and student nurses vol.69, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2021.01.019
  55. COVID ‐19 Knowledge and Behavior Change among High School Students in Semi‐Rural Georgia vol.91, pp.7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13029
  56. Artificial Intelligence in Action: Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic with Natural Language Processing vol.4, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-021821-061045
  57. What have we learned in the past year? A study on pharmacy purchases of psychiatric drugs from wholesalers in the days prior to the first and second COVID-19 lockdowns in Germany vol.140, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.073
  58. Social and Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 Online Content at a Lockdown Phase-Europe and Asia Comparison vol.13, pp.16, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169198
  59. Systematic evaluation of COVID-19 related Internet health rumors during the breaking out period of COVID-19 in China vol.11, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.37
  60. The Instagram Infodemic: Cobranding of Conspiracy Theories, Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Authority-Questioning Beliefs vol.24, pp.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0663
  61. Knowledge, acceptance and perception on COVID-19 vaccine among Malaysians: A web-based survey vol.16, pp.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256110
  62. Understanding and countering the spread of conspiracy theories in social networks: Evidence from epidemiological models of Twitter data vol.16, pp.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256179
  63. The COVID‐19 pandemic and the search for structure: Social media and conspiracy theories vol.15, pp.9, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12636
  64. An Evolutionary Clustering Analysis of Social Media Content and Global Infection Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic vol.20, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219649221500386
  65. Urban-Rural Compliance Variability to COVID-19 Restrictions of Indigenous Fijian (iTaukei) Funerals in Fiji vol.33, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395211005921
  66. Knowledge, attitudes and anxiety toward COVID-19 among domestic and overseas Chinese college students vol.43, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa268
  67. Qualitative Review of Organizational Responses to Rumors in the 2014–2016 Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Liberia and Sierra Leone vol.9, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.9745/ghsp-d-21-00203
  68. Machine Learning in Detecting COVID-19 Misinformation on Twitter vol.13, pp.10, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13100244
  69. Effects of workplace rumors and organizational formalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of universities in the Philippines vol.26, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1108/ccij-09-2020-0127
  70. The Networked Context of COVID-19 Misinformation: Informational Homogeneity on YouTube at the Beginning of the Pandemic vol.26, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2021.100164
  71. Pharmacists’ Perception of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study vol.18, pp.21, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111541
  72. Community-Level Experiences, Understandings, and Responses to COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative and Ethnographic Studies vol.18, pp.22, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212063
  73. Self-medication practices to prevent or manage COVID-19: A systematic review vol.16, pp.11, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259317
  74. A Proposed Sentiment Analysis Deep Learning Algorithm for Analyzing COVID-19 Tweets vol.23, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-021-10135-7
  75. Creative social media use for Covid-19 prevention in Bangladesh: a structural equation modeling approach vol.11, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-021-00744-0
  76. Addictive behaviours among university students in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic vol.14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100375
  77. Influences of climatic and non-climatic factors on COVID-19 outbreak: A review of existing literature vol.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100255
  78. More than just a mental stressor: psychological value of social distancing in COVID-19 mitigation through increased risk perception-a preliminary study in China vol.8, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00774-1
  79. Social and Cognitive Aspects of the Vulnerability to Political Misinformation vol.42, pp.suppl1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12797
  80. Patterns of use and perceived value of social media for population health among population health stakeholders: a cross-sectional web-based survey vol.21, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11370-y
  81. Cost estimates of COVID-19 clinical management in Myanmar vol.21, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07394-0
  82. Citizens, doctors, politicians - who´s an expert in times of COVID-19? A survey in Austria and Germany vol.79, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00666-5
  83. Mass Media as a Mirror of the COVID-19 Pandemic vol.9, pp.12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/computation9120140
  84. A health promotion approach to emergency management: effective community engagement strategies from five cases vol.36, pp.suppl1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daab152
  85. The willingness of Chinese adults to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors at the early stage of the vaccination programme: a network analysis vol.297, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.088
  86. The moderating effects of entertainers on public engagement through government activities in social media during the COVID-19 vol.66, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101746
  87. The Effect of Risk Communication on Public Behavior to Non-Conventional Terrorism-Randomized Control Trial vol.19, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010342
  88. Think before you Share: Beliefs and emotions that shaped COVID-19 (Mis)information vetting and sharing intentions among WhatsApp users in the United Kingdom vol.67, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101750