Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases

The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (대한결핵및호흡기학회)
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Regulatory Mechanism of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

비소세포성 폐암에서 인슐린 양 성장 인자 결합 단백질-3의 발현 조절 기전

  • Chang, Yoon Soo (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Ho-Young (Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center) ;
  • Kim, Young Sam (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hyung Jung (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chang, Joon (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ahn, Chul Min (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Sung Kyu (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Se Kyu (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • 장윤수 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이호영 ;
  • 김영삼 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김형중 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 장준 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 안철민 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김성규 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김세규 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Published : 2004.05.30
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Abstract

Background : Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by inducing apoptosis. Methods : In this study, we investigated whether hypermethylation of IGFBP-3 promoter play an important role in the loss of IGFBP-3 expression in NSCLC. We also studied the mechanisms that mediate the silencing of IGFBP-3 expression in the cell lines which have hypermethylated IGFBP-3 promoter. Results : The IGFBP-3 promoter has hypermethylation in 7 of 15 (46.7%) NSCLC cell lines and 16 (69.7%) of 23, 7 (77.8%) of 9, 4 (80%) of 5, 4 (66.7 %) of 6, and 6 (100%) of 6 tumor specimens from patients with stage I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV NSCLC, respectively. The methylation status correlated with the level of protein and mRNA in NSCLC cell lines. Expression of IGFBP-3 was restored by the demethylating agent 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5'-aza-dC) in a subset of NSCLC cell lines. The Sp-1/ Sp-3 binding element in the IGFBP-3 promoter, important for promoter activity, was methylated in the NSCLC cell lines which have reduced IGFBP-3 expression and the methylation of this element suppressed the binding of the Sp-1 transcription factor. A ChIP assay showed that the methylation status of the IGFBP-3 promoter influenced the binding of Sp-1, methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MeCP2), and histone deacetylase (HDAC) to Sp-1/Sp-3 binding element, which were reversed by by 5'-aza-dC. In vitro methylation of the IGFBP-3 promoter containing the Sp-1/Sp-3 binding element significantly reduced promoter activity, which was further suppressed by the overexpression of MeCP2. This reduction in activity was rescued by 5'-aza-dC. Conclusion : These findings indicate that hypermethylation of the IGFBP-3 promoter is one mechanism by which IGFBP-3 expression is silenced and MeCP2, with recruitment of HDAC, may play a role in silencing of IGFBP-3 expression. The frequency of this abnormality is also associated with advanced stages among the patients with NSCLC, suggesting that IGFBP-3 plays an important role in lung carcinogenesis/progression and that the promoter methylation status of IGFBP-3 may be a marker for early molecular detection and/or for monitoring chemoprevention efforts.

배 경 : 인슐린 양 성장 인자(IGF) 결합 단백질-3(IGFBP-3)은 IGF와 결합하여 IGF의 세포 분열 촉진 및 항세포 고사 기전을 억제할 뿐 아니라 IGF와는 독립적으로 세포고사를 유도함으로써 비소세포성 폐암 세포주의 성장을 억제한다. 방 법 : 본 연구에서 저자들은 IGFBP-3 promoter의 hyper-methylation이 IGFBP-3 단백 발현에 어떠한 역할을 하는가를 연구하였다. 또한 비소세포성 폐암 세포주에서 methylation된 IGFBP-3 promoter에서 유전자 발현을 억제하는 기전을 연구하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구에 사용된 15 종의 비소세포성 폐암 세포주 중 7종 (46.7%)에서 IGFBP-3 promoter의 methylation 이 관찰되었으며, 23명의 I기 환자 검체 중 16 (69.7%), 9명의 II기 환자 검체중 7 (77.8%), 5명의 IIIA 환자 검체중 4 (80%), 6명의 IIIB 환자 검체중 4 (66.7 %), 그리고 6 명의 IV기 환자검체중 6명 모두에서 (100%) promoter 의 methylation 이 관찰되었다. 이 비소세포성 폐암 세포주에서 promoter methylation 상태는 IGFBP-3 단백 및 mRNA 발현양상과 잘 일치하였으며, IGFBP-3의 발현이 억제되었던 비소세포성 폐암 세포주들 중 일부의 세포에서 demethylating 약제인 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5'-aza-dC) 처리 후 그 발현이 회복되었다. IGFBP-3 promoter 활성도에 중요한 역할을 하는 Sp-1/Sp-3 결합 요소는 IGFBP-3 단백 발현이 억제된 비소세포성 폐암 세포주에서 methylation되어 있었으며, 이 요소의 methylation 은 Sp-1 전사 인자의 결합을 억제하였다. ChIP assay 결과에서 IGFBP-3 promoter의 methylation 상태는 Sp-1/Sp-3 결합 요소에 Sp-1, methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MeCP2), 그리고 histone deacetylase (HDAC)의 결합에 영향을 주며, 이는 5'-aza-dC 처리에 의하여 역전 되었다. Sp-1/Sp-3 결합 요소를 포함하고 있는 IGFBP-3 promoter의 in vitro methylation은 promoter activity를 현저히 감소시켰으며 이는 MeCP2 단백을 동시에 발현 시켰을 때 더욱 억제되며 5'-aza-dC 처리시 회복되었다. 결 론 : 이러한 결과들은 IGFBP-3 promoter의 methylation이 IGFBP-3 발현을 억제하는 하나의 기전이며, HDAC의 모집을 유도함으로서 MeCP2가 IGFBP-3 발현 억제에 중요한 역할을 함을 보이는 것이다. 이런 현상은 비소세포성 폐암에서 진단 당시의 진행된 병기와도 관계가 있어 IGFBP-3 promoter의 methylation 상태가 비소세포성 폐암의 발암 기전 및 진행에 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 보이고 있으며, 나아가 조기 진단 및 암 예방영역에서 하나의 생물학적 지표로도 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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