Precontract Pricing considering Stochastic Demand

수요의 불확실성을 고려한 예약 요금제

When precontract pricing is applied, consumers must reserve expecting the amount of electricity to use. But Consumers expecting demand has stochastic property, expecting demand may be different from real demand. To prepare for this problem, spinning reserve is needed. Now I suggest new pricing system that someone has large variance and large elacity pays high price by the accumulated penalty factor. And I suggest the accumulated penalty factor for maximizing social welfare.