A Study on the Lipid Components of Hazel Nut Oil

개암종실(種實)의 지질성분(脂質成分)에 관한 연구

Physico-chemical characteristics of crude oil extracted from Korean Hazel nut were determined and its proximate composition was also analyzed. The proximate composition of Hazel nut was shown to be moisture 4.0%, crude protein 15.5%, crude fat 64%, nitrogen free extractive 11.7%, crude fiber 2.0% and crude ash 2.5%. The content of crude fat in Corylus sieboldiana was about 3% higher than in Corylus mandshurica.. Physico-chemical characteristics of crude oil found were: specific gravity, $0.916(15/15^{\circ}C)$; refractive index, $1.468(15^{\circ}C)$; saponification value, 184; iodine value, 94.5: acid value, 0.2; and unsaponifiable content, 0.25%. The lipid fractions in the crude oil obtained by silicic acid column chromatography were found to be composed of about 97% neutral lipids and about 3% compound lipids. Among the neutral lipids by TLC, triglycerides were 98% as the major components, free fatty acids and free strols were 0.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Esterified sterols were not found. The predominant fatty acids were oleic $(76{\sim}80%)$, linoleic (15%) and palmitic (5.0%), and the P/S ratio was $1.8{\sim}2.8$.

개암종실의 일반성분과 petroleum ether로 추출한 지방질에 대한 몇가지 물리, 화학적 항수, 지방질의 구성분 및 지방산조성을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 개암종실의 일반성분은 수분 4.0%, 조단백질 15.5%, 조지방질 64%, 가용성무질소물 11.7%, 조섬유 2.0%, 조회분 2.5%였다. 그리고 참개암이 물개암보다 조지방질의 함량이 약 3%가량 더 많았다. 2) 개암종실에서 추출한 조지방질의 비중$(15/15^{\circ}C)$은 0.916. 굴절률$(15^{\circ}C)$은 1.468이였고, 비누화값은 184, 요오드값은 94.5, 산값은 0.2였으며 비비누화물량은 0.25%였다. 3) 개암종실유에는 중성지질이 약 97%이고 복합지질은 약 3%에 불과하였다. 4) 개암종실유중의 중성지질은 98 %가 triglyceride이고, free fatty acid와 free sterol은 각각 0.5% 및 1.3%였으며 esterified sterol은 검출되지 않았다. 5) 개암종실유의 지방산조성은 oleic acid가 $76{\sim}80%$로 가장 많고 linoleic acid는 약 15%로 그 다음으로 많으며, palmitic 및 stearic acid는 각각 5.0% 및 1.7%였으며, 그외에 linolenic acid와 palmitoleic acid가 각각 0.4% 및 0.8% 함유되여 있었다. 그리고 p/s ratio는 $1.8{\sim}2.8$이었다.