Studies on the Mutation of Aspergillus niger

흑국균(黑麴菌)의 인공변이(人工變異)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

Several mutants were isolated from the parent strain of Aspergillus niger CF: the first mutant strain CF-11 was obtained by UV irradiation, and the second mutant strain CF-21 and CF-22 were from NTG (N-methyl-N'-nitroso-N-nitroso-guanidine) treatment on the CF-11. These mutants were characterized, and their enzyme and acid production on wheat bran Koji and wheat flour Koji were studied. Asp. niger CF-22 mutant appeared to be tan type which conidial heads were discolored. It's glucoamylase activity was inreased approximately two times and its ${\alpha}-amylase$ about 50 percent as compared with that of the parent strain of Asp. niger CF, when grown on wheat bran Koji under the optimal conditions. Asp. niger CF-21 mutant showed slower growth rate and poor sporulation than the wild type, although its conidial heads were not discolored. Approximately 4-fold increment in its acid production was observed as compared with the weld type. The activities of glucoamylase and ${\alpha}-amylase$ of the Asp. niger CF-22 and CF-21 mutants were higher than those of the wild type, but their protease activity was rather lower. The maximum production of glucoamylase by the Asp. niger CF-22 mutant was obtained after 2 to 3 days incubation on wheat bran at 30 to $35^{\circ}C;$ ${\alpha}-amylase$2 days incubation at 30 to $35^{\circ}C$. The maximal levels of acid production by the mutant CF-21 was appeared after 2 days incubation on wheat bran Koji, and after 3 days on wheat flour Koji at $30^{\circ}C$. Little differences in the levels of acid production were observed between on wheat bran and flour Koji.

Aspergillus niger CF를 최초(最初)의 균주(菌株)로 하고 이것에 자외선조사처리(紫外線照射處理)를 하여 돌연변이균주(變異菌株) Asp. niger CF-11을 얻었으며 이어서 NTG 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 Asp. neger CF-11 균주(菌株)에서 변이균주(變異菌株) Asp. niger CF-22 및 CF-21를 분리(分離)하였다. 변이균주(變異菌株)의 특징(特徵)을 조사(調査)하고 밀기울국(麴) 및 밀가루국(麴)에서의 효소생산(酵素生産) 및 산생성(酸生成)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 아래와 같다. 1. Asp. niger CF-22 변이균주(變異菌株)는 포자두(胞子頭)의 색(色)이 변(變)한 tan type의 균주(菌株)였으며 CF-22는 최초(最初)의 친주(親株) CF에 비(比)하여 밀기울국배양(麴培養)의 최적조건(最適條件)에서 글루코아밀라아제활성(活性)이 약(約) 2배(倍), ${\alpha}-$아밀라아제활성(活性)은 약(約) 50% 증가(增加)되었다. 2. Asp. niger CF-21 변이균주(變異菌株)는 포자두(胞子頭)의 색(色)은 변(變)하지 않았으나 밀기울국(麴)에서 생육(生育)과 포자착성(胞子着性)이 최초(最初)의 친주(親株) CF보다 늦었다. 이 변이균주(變異菌株)의 산생성력(酸生成力)은 최초(最初)의 친주(親株)보다 약(約) 4배(倍) 많았다. 3. Asp. niger CF-22 변이균주(變異菌株) 및 CF-21 변이균주(變異菌株)는 최초(最初)의 친주(親株)보다 클루코아밀라아제 및 ${\alpha}-$아밀라아제활성(活性)은 증강(增强)되었으나 단백질 가수분해효소의 활성(活性)은 오히려 떨어졌다. 4. 밀기울국(麴)에서 Asp. niger CF-22 변이균주(變異菌株)의 글루코아밀아제 생성(生成)의 최적조건(最適條件)은 $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$에서 $2{\sim}3$일간(日間)이었으며 ${\alpha}-$아밀라아제의 경우는 $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$에서 2일간(日間)이었다. 5. Asp. neger CF-21 변이균주(變異菌株)의 산생성력(酸生成力)은 밀기울국(麴)에서 $30^{\circ}C$로 2일후(日後)에 최고(最高)에 달(達)하였으며 밀가루국(麴)에서는 $30^{\circ}C$로 3일후(日後)에 최고(最高)값을 나타내었다. 최적조건(最適條件)에서의 산생성력(酸生成力)은 밀기울국(麴)과 밀가루국(麴) 사이에 차(差)가 별(別)로 없었다.