Studies on the Development of Food Resources from Waste Seeds -I. Chemical Composition of Grape Seed-

폐엽종실(廢棄種實)의 식량자원화(貪糧資源化)에 관(關)하여 -제(第) 1 보(報) : 포도씨의 화학적(化學的) 조성(組成)-

A series of studies were conducted to find out the possibility of utilizing grape seed as resources of food fats and proteins, and the results of the studies are as follows: The grape seed contained 25.1%, of crude fat and 12.0% of crude protein. The lipid, fractions obtained by silicic acid column chromatography were mainly composed of about 95.5% neutral lipid, whereas compound lipid was only 4.5% level. Among the neutral lipid by thin layer chromatography, triglyceride was 91.89%, sterol ester, sterol, diglyceride and free fatty acid were 3.24%, 2.87%, 1.20% and 0.80%, respectively The predominant fatty acids of total and neutral lipids were linoleic acid $(69.72{\sim}71.72%)$ and oleic acid $18.09{\sim}19.46%)$, but those of glycolipid and phospolipid were linoleic acid $(31.49{\sim}38.18%)$, oleic acid $(20.20{\sim}35.27%)$ and palmitic acid $(26.80{\sim}39.98%)$. The major fatty acids of triglyceride separated from neutral lipid were oleic acid (43.08%), linoleic acid (38.42%) and palmitic acid (11.60%). The salt soluble protein of grape seed was highly dispersible in 0.02M sodium phosphate buffer containing about 1.0M $MgSO_4$, and the extractability of seed protein was 31%. Glutamic acid was the major amino acid in salt soluble protein, followed by arginine and aspartic acid. The electrophoretic analysis showed 3 bands in grape seed protein, and the collection rate of the main protein fraction purified by Sephadex G-100 and G-200 was 82%. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine were the major amino acids of the main grape seed protein. The molecular weight for the main protein of the grape seed was estimated to be 81,000.

미이용(未利用) 폐엽종자(廢葉種字)를 식량자원(貪糧資源)에 이용(利用)하기 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위(爲)하여 포도씨의 지방질(脂肪質) 성분(成分)과 단백질(蛋白質) 성분(成分)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 포도씨의 일반성분중(一般成分中) 조지방(粗脂肪)은 25.1%, 조단백질(粗蛋白質)은 12.0%였다. 2. 포도씨 기름에는 중성지방질(中性脂肪質)이 95.46%이나 복합지방질(複合脂肪質)은 약(約) 4.5%에 불과하였으며, 중성지방질(中性脂肪質)의 성분(成分)으로써는 91.89%가 트리-글리세리드였고, 스테롤에스터, 스테롤, 디-글리세리드 및 유리 지방산은 각각(各各) 3.24% 2.87%, 1.20% 및 0.80%였다. 3. 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성(組成)은 총지방산(總脂肪酸)과 중성지방질(中性脂肪質)에서 리놀레산$(69.72{\sim}71.72%)$과 올레산$(18.09{\sim}19.46%)$이 주지방산(主脂肪酸)이었고, 총지방질(總脂肪質)과 인지질(燐脂質)은 올레산$(20.20{\sim}35.27%)$과 팔미트산$(26.80{\sim}39.98%)$의 함량(含量)이 비교적(比較的) 높았으며, 중성지방질(中性脂肪質)에서 분별(分別)한 트리-글리세리드의 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성(組成)은 올레산이 43.08%로 가장 늪은 함량(含量)이었다. 4. 염(鹽)$(0.1\;M\;MgSO_4)$ 용해성(溶解性) 단백질(蛋白質) 의 추출율(抽出率)은 약(約) 31%, 아미노산(酸) 조성(組成)은 글루탐산이 가장 높은 함량(含量)이었고 다음이 아르기린, 아스파르트산의 순(順)이었다. 5. 포도씨 단백질(蛋白質)의 전기영동(電氣泳動) 결과(結果) 3개의 밴드를 나타내었고, 분획(分劃)된 주단백질(主蛋白孫)의 수득율(收得率)은 약(約) 82%였으며, 아미노산(酸) 조성(組成)은 글루탐산, 아스파르트산 및 아르기린의 순(順)으로 높은 함량(含量)이었다. 6. 염용해성(鹽溶解性) 단백질(蛋白質)에서 분획(分劃)된 주단백질(主蛋白孫)의 분자량(分子量)은 약(約) 81,000이었다.