A Study on Organ Formation from the Tissues of Garlic and Onion In Vitro Culture

마늘의 유엽(幼葉) 및 양파의 인편배양(鱗片培養)으로부터 기관분화(器官分化)에 관한 연구(硏究)

Leaflets of Allium sativum L. (garlic) and leaf scales Allium cepa L. (onion) were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium to study the effects of plant growth regulators, temperature and light on the formation of shoot and root. And also, the potentiality of shoot or root formation of tissues in accordance with the leaf age and the region was discussed. In the experiment with garlic, the formation of shoot and root was more effective on the medium containing $BA\;2mg/{\ell}$ and $NAA\;1mg/{\ell}$ and it occured on the basal region of outer leaflets. The shoot formation was more effective at $20^{\circ}C$ than $28^{\circ}C$ under 16-hour daylength, and it was more effective in darkness than light condition at $28^{\circ}C$. The results of shoot and root formation on the new cloves of garlic harvested in 1982 were similar to those the old cloves of garlic harvested in 1981. In the experiment with leaf seales of onion, when the tissues of dormant leaf scales of onions harvested in 1981 were explanted on the MS medium, a few shoots were formed on the medium containing $BA\;2mg/{\ell}$ and $NAA\;1mg/{\ell}$. In this case,there were no differences on the shoot formation among the age and region of leaflets. On the culture of leaf scales, the shoot was not formed on the leaf scales located at outer or middle region, but it was formed on the medium containing BA accompanied with NAA at inner scales. On the medium complemented with BA alone, the tissues were not differentiated, but on the medium complemented with NAA, the callus was formed from tissues and then the root was formed through the callus.

마늘의 유엽(幼葉)과 양파의 인편(鱗片)을 공시재료(供試材料)로 배양(培養)할 때, 엽영(葉齡) 및 부위(部位)에 따른 기관분화(器官分化)의 차이(差異)와 아울러 기관분화(器官分化)에 영향(影響)을 주는 cytokiain과 auxin, 온도(溫度) 및 광(光)의 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)하였던 바, 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 마늘의 유식물체(幼植物體) 분화(分化)는 $BA\;2mg/{\ell}+NAA\;1mg/{\ell}$ 처리구(處理區)에서 가장 좋았으며, 유엽(幼葉)의 외측부위(外側部位) 중(中) 기부(基部)에서 주(主)로 되었다. 2. 유식물체(幼植物體)는 광조건(光條件)보다 암조건(暗條件)에서 배양(培養)한 것이 분화(分化)가 좋았다. 3. 배양(培養) 온도(溫度)에 있어서는 $20^{\circ}C$가 $28^{\circ}C$에 비하여 유식물체(幼植物體) 분화(分化)에 효과적(效果的)이었다. 4. 발근(發根)은 무처리구(無처理區) 및 BA 단독처리(單독처理)에서는 불량하였고, $BA\;2mg/{\ell}+NAA\;1mg/{\ell}$ 처리구(處理區) 중(中) 외부(外部) 유엽(幼葉)의 기부(基部)에서 발생이 양호(良好)하였다. 5. 햇 마늘의 유식물체(幼植物體) 분화(分化) 양상(樣相)은 묵은 마늘의 경우와 비슷하였다. 6. 묵은 양파의 맹아엽(萌芽葉) 배양(培養)에서는 엽영(葉齡)이나 부위(部位)에 따른 유식물체(幼植物體) 분화(分化)의 차이(差異)는 보이지 않았고, 전반적으로 $BA\;2mg/{\ell}+NAA\;1mg/{\ell}$에서 비교적 좋은 결과(結果)를 보였다. 7. 묵은 양파나 햇 양파나 내측(內側) 인편(鱗片) 중(中) NAA와 BA의 복합 처리구(처理區)에서 분화(分化)되었다. 8. callus는 NAA처리구(처理區)에서 주로 분화(分化)되며, callus가 분화(分化)된 후에 발근(發根)이 되었다.