Changes of Proteolytic Activity and Amino Acid Composition of the Tissue Extract from Sea Cucumber Entrails during Fermentation with Salt

해삼내장(內臟)젓갈 숙성중(熟成中) 단백질분해효소(蛋白質分解酵素)의 활성(活性)과 아미노산(酸) 조성(組成)의 변화(變化)

  • Lee, Gi Chan (Department of Fisheries Processing, Tong-Yeong Fisheries Junior College) ;
  • Cho, Deuk Moon (Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Fisheries University of Pusan) ;
  • Byun, Dae Seok (Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Fisheries University of Pusan) ;
  • Joo, Hyen Kyu (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Keun-Kook University) ;
  • Pyeun, Jae Hyeung (Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Fisheries University of Pusan)
  • 이기찬 (통영수산전문대학 수산가공과) ;
  • 조득문 (부산수산대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 변대석 (부산수산대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 주현규 (건국대학교농과대학 농화학과) ;
  • 변재형 (부산수산대학 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 1983.10.28
  • Published : 1983.12.31

Abstract

This study was undertaken to ascertain food and nutritional evaluating data on the processing of fermented sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) entrails. In the experiment, the crude proteolytic enzyme from the entrails tissue of raw and fermented sea cucumber during the days of ripening was extracted. The optimal activity condition for the crude enzyme and the compositional changes of amino acid of the protein and free amino acid in the raw and fermented sample were also investigated. 1. Less than three kinds of proteolytic enzymes that each enzyme has optimal activity condition at pH 3.1 $50^{\circ}C$(A-enzyme), pH 5.7 $50^{\circ}C$(B-enzyme) and pH 7.7 $45^{\circ}C$(C-enzyme), respectively were believed to be exist in the entrails tissue of sea cucumber. 2. A-enzyme and C-enzyme were strongly inhibited with the increase of the salt concentration, and B-enzyme was activated at the 1% salt concentration and was inhibited above the 5% salt concentration. 3. The result of the effect of several salt ions on the proteolytic activity showed that A-enzyme was slightly inhibited in the presence of all salt ions added, B-enzyme was activated in the presence of the all salt ions except $Cu^{2+}$ and C-enzyme was activated in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$, and inhibited by $Cu^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$. 4. When the effects of the ripening days on the proteolytic activity of the crude enzymes were analysed, the activity of the A-enzyme was slightly weakened with the lapse of the fermentation days, whereas the B-enzyme was not influenced by the fermentation days. 5. In the analysis of amino acid composition of the protein of the samples, the 8 days fermented sea cucumber entrails showed the diminution of all kinds of amino acid. Apparently diminished amino acids were arginine, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, serine, valine, threonine and lysine etc., and methionine, histidine and isoleucine were slightly decreased. 6. In the analysis of free amino acid composition of the 8 days fermented sample, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and lysine were rich, while histidine, methionine, proline and tyrosine were poor. The most of free amino acids were increased during the fermentation procedure and especially in lysine, histidine, threonine, glutamic acid, methionine, valine and leucine.

수산명산품(水産名産品)에 속(屬)하는 해삼내장(內臟)젓갈이 식품영양학적(食品營養學的)인 평가(評價) 및 그 가공(加工)에 관(關)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 본 연구를 착수하였으며, 해삼내장(內臟) 조직중(組織中)에 분포(分布)하는 단백질분해(蛋白質分解) 조효소(粗酵素)를 추출(抽出)하여 활성조건(活性條件)과 젓갈 숙성중(熟成中)의 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸) 및 단백질(蛋白質) 구성(構成) 아미노산(酸)의 조성변화(組成變化)에 관(關)하여 분석(分析) 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 해삼내장(內臟) 조직중(組織中)에는 pH 3.1 $50^{\circ}C$, pH 5.7 $50^{\circ}C$ 그리고 pH 7.7 $45^{\circ}C$에 각각(各各) 최적활성조건(最適活性條件)을 갖는 세 종류(種類) 이상(以上)의 단백질분해효소(蛋白質分解酵素)의 존재(存在)가 확인(確認)되었다. 2. 이들 효소중(酵素中) pH 3.1 $50^{\circ}C$, pH 7.7 $45^{\circ}C$에 최적활성(最適活性)을 갖는 효소(酵素)들은 식염농도(食鹽濃度) 1%이상(以上)의 농도(濃度)에서 점차(漸次) 높은 조해(阻害)를 받았으며, pH 5.7 $50^{\circ}C$에 최적활성조건(最適活性條件)을 갖는 효소(酵素)는 식염농도(食鹽濃度) 1%에서 부활(賦活) 되었으며, 5%이상(以上)에서 조해(阻害)를 받았다. 3. 몇가지 염류(鹽類)이온에 의한 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果) pH 3.1 $50^{\circ}C$에서 최적조건(最適條件)을 보인 효소(酵素)는 실험(實驗)에 쓴 전(全) 염류(鹽類)이온에 의하여 조금씩 조해(阻害)를 받았으며, pH 5.7 $50^{\circ}C$에서 최적조건(最適條件)을 보인 효소(酵素)는 $Cu^{2+}$을 제외(除外)한 모든 염류(鹽類)이온에 의하여 부활(賦活)을 받았고, pH 7.7 $45^{\circ}C$에서 최적조건(最適條件)을 보인 효소(酵素)는 $Ca^{2+}$$Mn^{2+}$에 의하여서는 부활(賦活)을 받았으며, $Ba^{2+}$에 의하여서는 영향(影響)이 없었고 $Co^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$에 의하여서는 조해(阻害)를 받았다. 그리고 특(特)히 이 효소(酵素)들은 $Cu^{2+}$에 의하여서는 심(甚)한 조해(阻害)를 받았다. 4. 해삼내장(內臟) 조직(組織)에 분포(分布)하는 효소(酵素)들의 젓갈숙성일수(熟成日數)의 경과(經過)에 따른 활성(活性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果), pH 3.1 $50^{\circ}C$와 pH 7.7 $45^{\circ}C$에서 활성최적조건(活性最適條件)을 보인 효소(酵素)들은 활성(活性)이 조금씩 약화(弱化)하여 갔으나, pH 5.7에서 활성최적조건(活性最適條件)을 보인 효소(酵素)는 숙성일수(熟成日數)의 경과(經過)에도 영향(影響)이 없었다. 5. 해삼내장(內臟)젓갈 숙성(熟成) 8일(日)째일 때는 생(生) 내장중(內臟中)의 단백질(蛋白質) 구성(構成)아미노산(酸)의 대부분(大部分)이 감소(減少)하였으며, 특(特)히 두드러지게 감소(減少)한 아미노산(酸)은 arginine, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, serine, valine, threonine 및 lysine 등(等)이었고, methionine와 histidine 및 isoleucine 등(等)은 그 감소폭(減少幅)이 낮았다. 6. 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸) 조성(組成)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果), 8일간(日間) 숙성(熟成)한 시료중(試料中)에는 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leuine 및 lysine은 많은 량(量)이 함유(含有)되어 있었고, histidine, methionine, proline 및 tyiosine 등(等)은 그 함량(含量)이 낮았다. 그리고 젓갈 숙성과정중(熟成過程中)에는 대부분(大部分)의 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸)은 증가(增加)하였으며, 특(特)히 lysine, histidine, threonine, glutamic acid, methionine, valine, leucine 등(等)은 많은 증가(增加)를 보였다.

Keywords