Studies on the Lipid Composition in Three Species of Shellfish

3종(種) 패류(貝類)의 지질조성(脂質組成)에 관한 연구(硏究)

In this study, the lipid components of three species of shellfish included oyster(Crassostrea gigas), top shell(Turbo cornutus) representing salt water shellfish and corb shell(Corbicula fluminea producta) representing flesh water shellfish were analysed and nutriontional significances were discussed. Analysed the total lipid composition, and the fatty acid and sterol composition of total lipid were determined. The lipid was fractionated into three lipid classes neutral, glyco and phospholipid by column chromatography. The fatty acid composition of each lipid class and sterols were determined by gas liquid chromatography. The lipid components of total lipid and neutral lipid were estimated by thin layer chromatography and TLC scanner. The results were as follows: Total lipid contents of shellfish were 1.8% in oyster, 0.4% in top shell and 4.0% in corb shell. The contents of total fatty acid in total lipid were 80.7, 71.2 and 73.2%; and the contents of unsaponifiable matters were 15.4, 18.1 and 23.1% respectively. Total lipids were mainly composed of triglycerides, polar lipid-pigments and sterols as major component, and hydrocarbon-esterified sterols were determined in each sample. The major fatty acids in total lipid were palmitic(37.0%), eicosapentaenoic(13.5%) and linoleic acid(11.2%) in oyster, Octadecatetraenoic(15.8%), palmitic(11.2%), oleic(8.6%) and linoleic acid(8.1%) in top shell, but palmitic(34.0%), linoleic(12.3%) and paimitoleic acid(9.8%) in corb shell. Particularly, the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid of oyster and top shell were higher than those of corb shell. Sterol composition from three species of shellfish were mainly consisted of cholesterol (42.7~64.0%), brassicasterol(15.6~24.7%) and 24-methylenecholesterol (4.7~21.9%). But sitosterol (5.3%) was detected only in oyster and 22-dehydrocholesterol(12.9%) was only in top shell. The contents of fractionated neutral lipid was commonly higher than that of polar lipid in each sample. Glycolipid and phospholipid in polar lipid showed similar in quantity. The neutral lipids were composed of triglycerides(33.0~36.7%), free sterols(25.7~31.2%), esterified sterol(12.4~23.7%) and free fatty acids(5.1~11.7%). The contents of triglycerides and free sterols were higher than those of free fatty acids and esterified sterols. The major fatty acids in neutral lipid were palmitic(28.4~26.4%) eicosapentaenoic(18.6~21.9%) and linoleic acid(9.0~5.4%) in oyster and corb shell but octadecatetraenoic(14.5%), eicosapentaenoic (13.5%) and palmitic acid(12.3%) in top shell. The major fatty acids in glycolipid were eicosenoic(10.2%), palmitic(12.1%) and linolenic acid (10.2%) in oyster, Eicosenoic(26.0%), octadecatetraenoic(14.6.%) and eicosadienoic acid(12.9%) in top shell. But eicosadienoic(21.4%) stearic(14.6%), octadecatetraenoic(8.5%) and eicosenoic acid(8.5%) in corb shell. The major fatty acids in phospholipid were myristic(16.0%), stearic(10.6%), eicosenoic(10.5%) and palmitic acid(10.3%) in oyster, Oleic(22.2%), stearic(20.7%) and linolenic acid (11.8%) in top shell but eicosapentaenoic(25.1%), myristic(8.7%) and arachidonic acid(8.3%) in corb shell.

서식환경(棲息環境)이 다른 해산(海産) 참굴, 소라 그리고 담수산(淡水産) 후루미재첩의 3종(種) 패류(貝類)를 시료(試料)로 총지질(總脂質)을 추출(抽出)하여 thin layer chromatography와 TLC-scanner를 이용(利用)하여 총지질(總脂質)을 구성(構成)하는 지질성분(脂質成分)을 정량(定量)하였다. 그리고 gas liquid chromatography로 총지질(總脂質)의 지방산(脂肪酸) 및 sterol 조성(組成)을 정량(定量)하였으며, 총지질(總脂質)을 다시 column chromatography로 중성지질(中性脂質), 당지질(糖脂質) 및 인지질(燐脂質)로 분획(分劃)하여 패류지질(貝類脂質)의 특징(特徵)을 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 시료(試料) 패류(貝類)의 총지질(總脂質) 함량(含量)은 굴이 1.8%, 소라가 0.4% 그리고 후루미재첩이 4.0%였다. 그리고 총지질(總脂質)의 전지방산(全脂肪酸)의 함량(含量)은 굴이 80.7%, 소라가 71.2%, 후루미재첩이 73.2%였고 불감화물은 굴이 15.4%, 소라가 18.1%, 후루미재첩이 23.1%였다. 2) 총지질(總脂質)을 구성(構成)하는 지질성분(脂質成分)으로는 triglyceride, 극성지질일색소(極性脂質一色素) 혼합층(混合層) 그리고 sterol성분(成分)이 가장 많았고 hydrocarbon-esterified sterol 혼합층(混合層)의 순(順)으로 나타났다. 3) 총지질(總脂質)을 구성(構成)하는 지방산(脂肪酸)은 참굴에서는 palmitic(37.0%), eicosapentaenoic(13.5%) 및 linoleic acid(11.2%)가 주성분(主成分)을 이루고 있고 소라에서는 octadecatetraenoic(15.8%), palmitic(11.2%), oleic(8.6%) 및 linoleic acid(8.1%)가 주성분(主成分)을 이루고 있으나, 후루미재첩에서는 palmitic(34.0%), Iinoleic(12.3%) 및 palmitoleic acid(9.8%)가 주성분(主成分)을 이루고 있었다. 특(特)히 참굴과 소라에서는 eicosapentaenoic acid의 함량(含量)이 후루미재첩보다 훨씬 많았다. 4) 3종(種) 패류(貝類)의 sterol성분(成分)은 주(主)로 cholesterol(42.7~64.0%), brassicasterol(15.6~24.7%) 및 24-methylenecholesterol(4.7~21.4%)였다. 그러나 참굴에서는 sitosterol(5.3%)이 소라에는 22-dehydrocholesterol(12.9%)이 검출(檢出)되었다. 5) 총지질(總脂質)에서 분획(分劃)한 비극성지질(非極性脂質)과 극성지질(極性脂質)의 함량(含量)은 시료(試料)에서 공통적(共通的)으로 비극성지질(非極性脂質)이 극성지질(極性脂質)보다 높았다. 그리고 극성지질중(極性脂質中)에서는 당지질(糖脂質)과 인지질(燐脂質)의 함량비(含量比)가 비슷하였다. 6) 중성지질(中性脂質)을 구성(構成)하는 지질성분(脂質成分)은 triglycerides(33.0~36.7%), free sterol(25.7~32.2), esterified sterol(12.4~23.7%) 그리고 free fatty acids(5.1~11.7%)로 구성(構成)되어 있었다. 중성지질(中性脂質)을 구성(構成)하는 지방산(脂肪酸)으로는 참굴과 후루미재첩에서는 palmitic(28.4~26.4%), eicosapentaenoic(18.6~21.9%) 및 linolenic acid(9.0~5.4%)가 주성분(主成分)이었고 소라에서는 octadecatetraenoic(14.5%), eicosapentaenoic(13.5%) 및 palmitic acid(12.3%)가 주성분(主成分)이었다. 7) 당지질(糖脂質)을 구성(構成)하는 지방산(脂肪酸)으로는 참굴에서는 eicosenoic(14.3%), palmitic(12.1%) 및 linolenic acid(10.2%)가 주성분(主成分)이었고, 소라에서는 eicosenoic(26.0%), octadecatetraenoic(14.6%) 및 eicosadienoic acid(12.9%)가 주성분(主成分)이었으며 후루미재첩에서는 eicosadienoic(21.4%), stearic(14.6%), octadecatetraenoic(8.5%) 및 eicosenoic acid(8.5%)가 주성분(主成分)이었다. 8) 인지질(燐脂質)을 구성(構成)하는 지방산(脂肪酸)으로는 참굴에서는 myristic(16.0%), stearic(10.6%), eicosenoic(10.5%) 및 palmitic acid(10.3%)가 주성분(主成分)이었고, 소라에서는 oleic(22.2%), stearic(20.7%) 및 linolenic acid(11.8%)가 주성분(主成分)이었으며, 후루미재첩에서는 eicosapentaenoic(25.1%), myristic(8.7%) 및 arachidonic acid(8.3%)가 주성분(主成分)이었다.