Abstract
Triaxial compression tests were performed with control of vertical stress, confined pressure(${\sigma}_H$), and injection velocity by means of impervious soil samples with a different grain size, density and grout density. By measuring pore water pressure at the time of vertical fracturing around the bore-hole, relationships between main factors are described, and the factors are pore water pressure, confined pressure, vertical fracturing injection pressure(${\sigma}$) and the tension strength(${\sigma}_t$). The hydraulic fracturing of soft clay was occurred at the pressure which was less than the pressure obtained by the theory of elasticity. It was found that the above result was the influence of pore water pressure due to injection pressure($U_a$) and pore water pressure due to confined pressure($U_i$). Therefore, the vertical injection pressure at the time of fracturing needs to be changed as follows. $${\sigma}=2{\cdot}{{\sigma}_H}-(U_a+U_i)+{\sigma}_t$$.
시료토(試料土)의 입경(粒經), 밀도(密度), 주입재(注入材)의 농도(濃度)를 변화(變化)시켜 불투수성(不透水性) 공시체(供試體)를 만들어 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)에서 수직응력(垂直應力), 구속압(拘束壓)(${\sigma}_H$) 및 주입속도(注入速度)의 변화(變化)에 따라 공벽주변(孔壁周邊)에서 종할열시(縱割裂時)에 간극수압(間隙水壓)을 측정하여 간극수압(間隙水壓)~구속압(拘束壓)~종할열주입압(縱割裂注入壓)(${\sigma}$)~인장강도(引張强度)(${\sigma}_t$)와의 상관관계(相關關係)를 구하였다. 연약점성토(軟弱粘性土)에서의 이와 같은 수압파쇄현상(水壓破碎現象)은 탄성론(彈性論)에 의한 이론치(理論値)보다 낮은 주입압(注入壓)에서 발생하는데 이것은 구속압(拘束壓)에 의한 간극수압(間隙水壓)($U_a$)과 주입압(注入壓)에 의한 간극수압(間隙水壓)($U_i$)의 영향임(影響)을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 종할열발생시(縱割裂發生時)의 주입압(注入壓)은 다음과 같이 수정(修正)함이 바람직하다. $${\sigma}=2{{\sigma}_H}-(U_a+U_i)+{\sigma}_t$$.