초록
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens의 extracellular $\alpha$-amylase는 세포질막에 결합된 ribosome에서 합성되며 이 때 ribosome은 nascent polypeptide쇄에 의해 막에 부착된 것으로 추측된다. $\alpha$-amylase 생산균주인 E. amyioiiquefaciens 야생주의 정상단백(MW, 58kDa)과 이 균주의 $\alpha$-amylase 구조유전자에 변이가 일어나 carboxy 말단이 결실된 변이주의 이상단백 (33kDa)은 동일조건하의 배양외액에서 그 효소활성이 검출됨을 볼 때, $\alpha$-amylase의 carboxy 말단에는 막 투과의 신호가 없는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 이들 양균주의 대수증식기 세포에 puromycin을 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$까지 가하여 6시간 동안 처리한 결과 균의 사멸에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 extracellular $\alpha$-amylase 활성은 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 농도에서도 동일양상으로 감소하였다. 이 감소요인은 puromycin 처리시 막결합 ribosome에서의 막과 ribosome의 가교로 작용할 것으로 예상되는 nascent poly peptide 합성이 중단되므로 막으로부터 ribosome이 해리되어 $\alpha$-amylase의 분비가 억제된 것으로 추측된다. 이 현상은 50mM의 magnesium의 첨가효과 가 약하게 나타났기 때문에 ribosome은 nascent Polypeptide의 가교로 막에 부착되어 있는 것으로 생각된다. 또 Iysozyme 처리에 의해 세포벽을 분해한 protoplas가 trypsin을 함께 처리하므로서 세포외액의 $\alpha$-amylase 활성이 상실됨은 막의 외부로 protruding되는 nascent polypeptide가 trypsin에 의해 분해되기 때문으로 생각된다. 3차 구조를 형성한 extracellular $\alpha$-amylase의 경우 trypsin 내성임을 감안할 때 이 분자가 세포막 통과 직후, 세포벽을 통과하기 이전에 folding이 이루어져서 그 후 성숙된 단백으로서 세포벽을 통과하는 것으로 믿어진다.
To know how the ribosomes involved in secretory protein synthesis were attached to the cytoplasmic membrane in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the cells were treated with puromycin combinated with magnesium at the logarithmic phase, and the variation of cell-bound and extracellular $\alpha$-amylase activity was assayed for determining the $\alpha$-amylase translocation blocking through the cytoplasmic membrane. In the abnormal $\alpha$-amylase producing mutant in which the C-terminal of the $\alpha$-amylase structure was deleted, B. umytotiquefaciens CH10-2, the $\alpha$-amylase was translocated normally through the cytoplasmic membranes, and the translocation blocking by puromycin was revealed to have a similar pattern as that in the wild type. This means that the C-terminal part of the enzyme structure may not have a signal for secretion. The cell death of the logarithmic phase cells in both strains was not affected much under 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of puromycin, however, the $\alpha$-amylase translocation was blocked markedly under less than 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of the puromycin concentration. The blocking of the enzyme secretion by puromycin may be due to the detachment of the ribosomes from cytoplasmic membranes by disturbing the nascent polypeptide synthesis. Further evidence for confirming this was that the detachment was increased in 50 mM of magnesium ion because the extracellular $\alpha$-amylase activity was decreased more under this condition. If the cells were treated with trypsin combinated with Iysozyme, the extracellular $\alpha$-amylase activity from the cultured medium was reduced markedly, however, the activity from the cells treated with trypsin only was not reduced. This means that the nascent polypeptides protruding from the cytoplasmic membrane were sensitive to the trypsin digestion, whereas the matured ones were not. Therefore, the protruding polypeptides from the cytoplasmic membranes may be truncated by trypsin before forming their final tertiary structures by folding in the cell wall layer.
