Physiological Interactions Between the Herbicide Pretilachlor and the Safener Fenclorim on Rice

제초제(除草劑) Pretilachlor와 해독제(害毒劑) Fenclorim의 수도(水稻)에 대한 생리적(生理的) 상호작용(相互作用)

  • Han, S.S. (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Hatzios, K.K. (Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)
  • Published : 1990.12.30

Abstract

The incividual and combined effects of the chloroacetanilide herbicide pretilachlor and of the safener fenclorim on the growth and selected physiological processes of rice (Oryza sativa L., var 'Lemont')were evaluated under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Fenclorim applied at rates ranging from 50 to 300 g a.i./ha antagonized the injurious effects caused by 150 to 900 g a.i./ha of pretilachlor on 15-day old wet-sown rice grown under greenhouse conditions. When used rates of 150 g/ha or higher, fenclorim reversed completely the effects of all doses of pretilachlor on rice. When the two compounds were given simultaneously, fenclorim enhanced the uptake of $^{14}C$pretilachlor into rice leaf mesophyll protoplasts measured for 1 hr, indicating that competition for uptake at the protoplast level is not involved in the protective action of this safener. The safener-induced stimulation of pretilachlor uptake was particularly evident when fenclorim was used at concentrations of 10, 20 and $40{\mu}M$. Following 4 hr of incubation, individual treatments with pretilachlor inhibited the in vitro incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into proteins, DNA, and lipids of rice leaf protoplasts only when used at the high concentration of $100{\mu}M$M. Individual treatments with high concentrations (10 or $100{\mu}M$) of the safener fenclorim inhibited the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into proteins and lipids of rice protoplasts, but had no DNA synthesis. The combined effects of pretilachlor and fenclorim on the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into these macromolecules of isolated rice mesophyll protoplasts appeared to be additive or slightly synergistic rather than antagonistic. Fenclorim at $1{\mu}M$ antagonized the effects of pretilachlor on total lipids of rice leaf protoplasts. In addition, individual and combined treat-menu with pretilachlor and fenclorim influenced the incoroporation of$^{14}C$acetate into polar lipids, triglycerides and steryl esters of rice leaf protoplas causing a redistribution of carbon in these lipid fractions. However, these effects were not large enough to explain the herbicidal activity of pretilachlor or to account for the protective action of the safener fenclorim. Overall, the uesults of the present study idnicate that the safener fenclorim does not seem to protect rice against pretilachlor injury by antagonizing its effects on protein, DNA, or lipid syntheses.

벼의 생육(生育)과 생리적(生理的) 상호작용(相互作用)에 끼치는 chloroacetanilide계(系) 제초제(除草劑) pretilachlor와 해독제(解毒劑) fenclorim의 단독(單獨) 또는 조합처리(組合處理)의 영향(影響)을 온실(溫室)과 실내조건하(室內條件下)에서 검토(檢討)하였다. Fenclorim 50-300g a.i./ha과 pretilachlor 150-900g a.i./ha을 벼 담수직파후(湛水直播後) 3일후(後)에 조합처리(組合處理)하여 생육(生育)시킨 결과(結果) fenclorim은 15일후(日後) jpretilachlor의 벼에 대한 약해(藥害)에 저항적(抵抗的)으로 작용(作用)하였고, fenclorim 150g ai/ha 이상(以上)을 처리(處理)하였을 때 fenclorim은 1시간(時間) 동안 측정(測定)된 수도(水稻) 엽육(葉肉) 원형질체(原形質體)의 $^{14}C$pretilachlor의 흡수(吸收)를 증대(增大)시켰고, pretilachlor 흡수(吸收)의 해독제(解毒劑) 유기(誘起) 자극(刺戟)은 fenclorim 10, 20 및 40 uM에서 명백(明白)하게 일어났다. Pretilachlor 100 uM의 높은 농도(濃度)를 처리(處理)한 수도(水稻) 엽육(葉肉) 원형질체(原形質體)에서 방사능표식(放射能標識) 전구물질(前驅物質)의 단백질(蛋白質), DNA, 지질(地質)로의 시험관내(試驗管內) incorporation을 억제(抑制)하였다. Fenclorim 10uM 또는 100 uM을 처리(處理)한 수도원형질체(水稻原型質體)에서도 전구물질(前驅物質)의 단백질(蛋白質)과 지질(脂質)로의 incorporation을 억제(抑制)하였으나 DNA합성(合成)은 억제(抑制)되지 않았다. Pretilachlor와 fenclorim의 혼합처리(混合處理)는 이들 고분자물질(高分子物質)의 합성(合成)에 길항작용(拮抗作用)하기보다는 부가(附加) 또는 협력작용(協力作用)하는 것으로 나타났다. Fenclorim 1 uM을 처리(處理)한 원형질체(原形質體)의 총(總) 지질함량(脂質含量)에 끼치는 pretilachlor의 영향(影響)에 길항적(拮抗的)로 작용(作用)하였다. Pretilachlor와 fenclorim의 단독(單獨) 또는 조합처리(組合處理)로 원형질체(原形質體)에서의 $^{14}C$acetate와 극성지질(極性脂質), trigliceride와 steryl ester의 incorporation에 영향(影響)을 끼쳤으나 이 영향(影響)이 pretilachlor의 활성(活性) 또느 fenclorim의 보호작용(保護作用)을 설명(說明)하기에는 충분치 않았다. 결국(結局) 본(本) 연구결과(硏究結果)는 해독제(解毒劑) fenclorim이 단백질(蛋白質), DNA 및 지질합성(紙質合成)에 길항작용(拮抗作用)을 하여 제초제(除草劑) pretilachlor의 수도(水稻)에 대한 약해(藥害)를 보호(保護)한다고 할 수 없음을 시사(示唆)한다.

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