Ore Minerals, Fluid Inclusions, and Isotopic(S.C.O) Compositions in the Diatreme-Hosted Nokdong As-Zn Deposit, Southeastern Korea: The Character and Evolution of the Hydrothermal Fluids

다이아튜림 내에 부존한 녹동 비소-아연광상의 광석광물, 유체포유물, 유황-탄소-산소 동위원소 : 광화용액의 특성과 진화

  • Park, Ki-Hwa (Metallic Minerals division, Korea Institute of Energy and Resources) ;
  • Park, Hee-In (Department of Geological Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Eastoe, Christopher J. (Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona) ;
  • Choi, Suck-Won (Department of Earth science Education, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 1991.03.23
  • Published : 1991.04.30

Abstract

The Weolseong diatreme was temporally and spatially related to the intrusion of the Gadaeri granite, and was -mineralized by meteoric aqueous fluids. In the Nokdong As-Zn deposit, pyrite, aresenopyrite and sphalerite are the most abundant sulfide minerals. They are associated with minor amount of magnetite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and cassiterite, and trace amounts of Pb-Sb-Bi-Ag sulphosalts. The AsZn ore probably occurred at about $350^{\circ}C$ according to fluid inclusion and compositional data estimated from the arsenic content of arsenopyrite and iron content of sphalerite intergrown with pyrrhotite + chalcopyrite + cubanite. Heating studies of fluid inclusions in quartz indicate a temperature range between 180 and $360^{\circ}C$, and freezing data indicate a salinity range from 0.8 to 4.1 eq.wt % NaCl. The coexisting assemblage pyrite + pyrrhotite + arsenopyrite suggests that $H_2S$ was the dominate reduced sulfur species, and defines fluid parameter thus: $10^{-34.5}$ < ${\alpha}_{S_2}$ < $10^{-33}$, $10^{-11}$ < $f_{S_2}$ < $10^{-8}$, -2.4 < ${\alpha}_{S_2}$ < -1.6 atm and pH= 5.2 (sericte stable) at $300^{\circ}C$. The sulfur isotope values ranged from 1.8 to 5.5% and indicate that the sulfur in the sulfides is of magmatic in origin. The carbon isotope values range from -7.8 to -11.6%, and the oxygen isotope values from the carbonates in mineralized wall rock range from 2 to 11.4%. The oxygen isotope compositions of water coexisting with calcite require an input of meteoric water. The geochemical data indicate that the ore-forming fluid probably was generated by a variety of mechanisms, including deep circulation of meteoric water driven by magmatic heat, with possible input of magniatic water and ore component.

시간적-공간적으로 가대리 화강암과 관련되어 형성된 월성 다이아튜림은 천수에서 유래된 용액에 의해 광화되어 있다. 이 광상에서 광석광물은 황철석, 유비철석, 섬아연석이 대부분이고 극소량의 자철석, 자류철석, 황동석, 석석과 Pb-Sb-Bi-Ag 계의 광문이 있다. 유체포유물, 유비철석에서의 비소함량과 섬아연석의 철 함량에 의해 계산된 비소-아연 광화 온도는 약 $350^{\circ}C$에 이르며, 염농도는 0.8에서 4.1 equ. wt % NaCl이다. 공생을 이루는 황철석-자류철석-유비철석은 $H_2S$ 주요 환원황으로 작용했으며, $300^{\circ}C$에서 산출한 광황용액은 $10^{34.5}$ < ${alpha}_{O_2}$ < $10^{-3}$, $10^{-11}$ < $f_{S_2}$ < $10^{-8}$, $10^{-2.4}$ < ${alpha}_{H_2S}$ < $10^{-1.6}$이고 pH는 견운모 안정범위인 5.2이하이다. 유화광물의 유황동위 원소비는 1.8에서 5.5%로서 유황은 마그마에서 기원되었다. 광화대에서의 탄산염 광물의 탄소 동위 원소비는 -7.8에서 -11.6%이고 산소 동위원소 값은 천수의 유입이 있었음을 의미한다. 지화학적 자료로 보아 광화용액은 마그마에 천수가 유입되어 마그마 열원의 영향하에 지하 심부 순환관정을 거쳐 형성된 것으로 해석된다.

Keywords