Pervaporation Separation of Ethanol Aqueous Solution through Carbonate-type Polyurethane Membrane II. The Effect of Pendent Anionic Group

카보네이트형 폴리우레탄막을 이용한 에탄올 수용액의 투과증발분리 II. 음이온성기에 의한 영향

  • Han, In Ki (Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Oh, Boo Keum (Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Lee, Young Moo (Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Noh, Si Tae (Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Hanyang University)
  • 한인기 (한양대학교 공학대학 화학공학과) ;
  • 오부근 (한양대학교 공과대학 공업화학과) ;
  • 이영무 (한양대학교 공과대학 공업화학과) ;
  • 노시태 (한양대학교 공학대학 화학공학과)
  • Received : 1992.03.20
  • Accepted : 1992.10.05
  • Published : 1992.12.31

Abstract

Carbonate-type polyurethane resins containing anionic moieties were systhesized from NCO-terminated prepolymer method. Membranes were manufactured from the polymer solution and the separation of aqueous ethanol solution was investigated. To enhance the property of urethane resin, carbonate-type polyol(PTMCG) was used. ${\alpha}^{\prime},{\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$-dimethylolpropionic acid was used as a chain extender to increase the hydrophilicily of the urethane membrane. The ionization of the pendent carboxylic groups in urethane resin was carried out using trimthylamine. To confirm the formation of anionic groups in urethane resin, IR spectra of model compounds were compared with those of urethane resins. It was confirmed that the concentration of hard segment and hydrogen bond contributed to the property of the concentration of hard segment and hydrogen bond contributed to the property of urethane resin in which the mole ratio of chain extender and polyol was from 3:1 to urethane resin in which the mole ratio of chain extender and polyol was from 3:1 to 5:1. The carbonate-type polyurethane containing pendent carboxylic grop(PU) had Tg of around-$25^{\circ}C$ and Tm, $45^{\circ}C$ measured by DSC. Transition temperatures of one containing pendent anionic group(APU) prepared from the ionization of PU shifted to $8{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ lower temperature region than those of PU. Pervaporation membrane was prepared through the casting method. N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were used as a solvent and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HMDl) as a crosslinking agent. Swelling degree increased with ethanol concentration in mixure and the control of the swelling degree of the membrane could be achieved by crossliking. The results of pervaporation were as follows : separation factor, 2.3~9.8 ; flux, $27{\sim}79.5g/m^2hr$. Pervaporation separation capacity could be enhanced by reducing the molecular weight of polyol from 2,000 to 1,000.

음이온기를 갖는 카보네이트형 폴리우레탄을 NCO-말단 프레폴리머법으로 제조하여 이를 제막하고 에탄올수용액분리 성능을 검토하였다. 우레탄수지의 물성을 향상시키기 위해 카보네이트형 폴리올(PTMCG)을 사용하였고, 친수성 향상에는 사슬연장제로 ${\alpha}^{\prime},{\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$-dimethylpropionic acid를 이용하였으며, trimethylamine으로 우레탄 사슬내의 카르복실기를 이온화시켰다. 우레탄 사슬내의 음이온기 형성을 확인하기 위해 모델반응을 실시하여 IR 분광분석을 행하였으며, 합성한 우레탄수지의 IR 스펙트럼과 비교하였다. 사슬연장제와 폴리올의 반응몰비율이 3:1에서 5:1인 범위에서는 hard segment의 농도, 수소결합 등이 우레탄수지의 물성을 기여하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. DSC에 의한 열분석결과 카르복실기를 함유한 카보네이트형 폴리우레탄수지(PU)는 $Tg-25^{\circ}C$ 및 Tm $45^{\circ}C$의 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 이온화하여 사슬내에 음이온성기를 갖게한 카보네이트형 폴리우레탄수지(APU)의 경우 PU 수지보다 $8{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ 정도씩 낮은 온도 영역으로 전이되는 경향을 나타내었다. PU 및 APU 수지를 용매로 N, N-dimethylformamide(DMF), 가교제로 hexamethylene diisocyanate(HMDI)를 사용하여 캐스팅법으로 투과증발막을 제조하였다. 팽윤도 측정결과 혼합물중 에탄올농도에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 가교를 통하여 막의 팽윤도를 조절하였으며, 이를 투과증발에 응용한 결과 선택도 2.3~9.8, 투과유량 $27{\sim}79.5g/m^2hr$를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 폴리올의 분자량을 2,000에서 1,000으로 줄임으로 분리성능을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

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Acknowledgement

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