Abstract
Orthophosphate crystals were grown by the hydrothermal method and the properties of grown crystals were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction. Vickers hardness tester, etc. The starting powders of $AIPO_4 and GaPO_4 $were prepared as a single phase by the solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixture of $AI_2O_3 or Ga_2O_3$ and $NH_4H_2PO_4$ and the subsequently by the hydrothermal treatment. The hydrothermal conditions for high growth rates of the orthophosphate crystals are as follows: $AlPO_4$ crystal; temperature ranges, between $170$~$200^{\circ}C$; temperatures difference, $15$~$20^{\circ}C;$, hydrothermal solvent, 4m HCl, $GaPO_4 crystal; temperature ranges, between $210 and 240^{\circ}C;$; temperature difference, $25$~$30^{\circ}C; $, hydrothermal solvent, 4m HCl. Morphologies of grown crystals tended to be bounded by (1010), (1011) and (0111) faces at low temperatures, and grew with well developed (0001) faces by increasing the growth temperature. On the other hand, the properties of orthophosphate crystals $(AlPO_4/GaPO_4)$ were as follows: lattice parameters (nm); a=0.494, c=1.094/a=0.490, c=1.105, density (gcm-3); 2.62/3.56, Vickers hardness (Nm^2); $1.02{\times}10^1^0/7.06{\times}10^9$, refractive indices; $ne=1.529{\pm}0.003, no=1.519{\pm}0.003/ne=1.611{\pm}0.006, no=1.599{\pm}0.006, birefringence; {\pm}0.01/{\pm}0.012$, dielectric constant (Fm-1); 6/7.
올소인산엽 결정의 육성을 수열법에 의해 행하였으며,육성결정의 성질은 X선 회절,Vickers 경도계 등을 이용하여 조사하였다. $AIPO_4$와 $GaPO_4$의 출발원료는 $AI_2O_3$또는 $Ga_2O_3$와 $NH_4H_2PO_4$의 혼합물을 고상반응시킨 뒤 얻어진 반응물을 수열처리하여 단상으로 제조하였다. 올소인산염 결정의 육성에 있어 큰 성장속도를 나타내는 수열조건은 다음과 같았다. 즉,$AIPO_4$ 결정: 온도범위, $170$~$200^{\circ}C$; 온도차, $15$~$20^{\circ}C;$수열용매, 4몰 HCI용액, $GaPO_4$결정: 온도범위, 210~$240^{\circ}C;$ 온도차, $25$~$30^{\circ}C; $ 수열용매,4몰 HCI용액이었다. 육성결정의 형태는 저온에서(1010),(1011),(0111)면이 발달하는 경향을 보였으나 육성온도가 증가함에 따라(0001)면이 잘 발달하였다. 한편, 올소인삼염 결정 $(AIPO_4/GaPO_4)$의 성질은 다음과 같았다. 즉, 격자정수$(Nm^2)$;a=0.494,c=1.094/a=0.490,1.105, 밀도 $(gcm^{-3}); 2.62/3.56$,경도$(Nm^2);1.02{\times}10^1^0/7.06{\times}10^9, $굴절율; $n_e= 1.529{\pm}0,003, n_e= 1.529{\pm}0,003/ n_e= 1.611{\pm}0,006,n_e= 1.599{\pm}0,006$,복굴절율;${\pm}0.01$ / $ {\pm}0.012$, 유전율 $(Fm^-1); 6/7$이었다.