Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지

The Physiological Efficacy of Aloe Gel

Aloe Gel의 생리 효과에 대한 고찰 - Gel의 다당류와 미량 성분을 중심으로 -

  • 서화중 (조선대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 1995.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Although aloe lost a lot of its previous popularity in modern clinical uses as medicine numerous scientific researches still have claimed the beneficial properties(curing and general tonic effect) of aloe gel. Whereas considerable contradictory reports have helped to confuse the aloe gel issue and continually aroused controversy about aloe gel efficacy. However health food, cosmetic and medicinal products made from aloe gel are widely available in the world market especially in U.S.A. so the growing of Aloe plant and the processing of A. vera gel have become big industries in some countries. In some previous papers the salicylic acid, one of the common trace gel components, was thought to have an analgetic and antinflammatory effect. Large amount of Mg ion in the gel was suggested to act as anesthetic, Mg-lactate as antihistamic, and Aloctin A(a glycoprotein) as wound healer by promoting the cell growth. The carboxypeptidase and bradykinase activity in the gel were proposed to have the pain relieving and antiinflammatory effect. But any of thes etheories concerining the physiological action of the trace gel components has not been demonstrated by modern pharmacology, and failed to be supported by clinical research. It was suggested by some research workers that trace amount of anthraquinone compounds in the gel play an important role to act as false substrate inhibitors for PG and TX production(antiprostanoid effect), by which, they believed, inflammation, burn and frostbite, and infected wound could be healed. This hypothesis has not been substantiated. Butthe suggested antimicrobial action, antidiabetic, and antidotic effect of aloe gel are likely to be attributed to the trace anthraquinone compounds. In a lot of recent experimental reports it has been claimed that aloe gel polysaccharides(acetylglucomannan, acetylmannan, and glycoprotein) have the antimicrobial, antinflammatory, antitumour, and infected wound healing effect by immunoenhancement. It is hoped that these effects will be soon documented in clinical studies, then the controversy on aloe gel beneficial effect will cease. In the 30 days subchronic toxicity test the lowest observed adverse effect level of acemannan(acetylmannan) on dog was 5.0 mg/kg, IP. But the aloe gel is generally agreed to be harmless and non toxic even for the internal use such as health food. In the case of idiosynrasy one must keep the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction of aloe gel in mind. In conclusion it seem to be impossible to simply refuse a lot of evidences made by research workers who have claimed aloe gel's beneficial effects and to deny the fact that there had been long therapeutic histories of Aloe plants.

Aloe식물에서 만든 전통적 aloe는 현대 임상 의약분 야에서 이전의 인기를 거의 잃고 있지만 aloe gel은 그 간 그의 효능 즉 여려가지 치료작용과 대사에 대한 유익한 tonic 효과를 밝히려는 수많은 연구자들에 의해서 꾸준히 gel의 치료 효능이 주장되어 온 반면에 상당수의 연구자들에 의한 상반된 연구 결과로 인해 aloe gel 효능에 대한 논쟁은 계속되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 aloe gel을 원료로한 외용 또는 내용의 치료제와 화장품 그리고 특히 건강 식품들(general tonics)이 대중적 인기를 끌고 있다. 따라서 현재는 aloe gel 산업이 비교적 경제성을 크게 유지하는데 여기에는 일부 promotional works나 대중 매체의 영향도 일조 했으리라 본다(21). Gel의 유익한 생리작용을 내는 원인 물질에 관한 그간 많은 연구 보고에서 gel의 미량 성분들 중 salicylic acid의 진통 소염착용, Mg ion의 마취작용, Mg-lactate의 항 histamine작용, Aloctin A의 세포 성장 촉진에 의한 상처 치료작용, carboxypeptidase와 bradykinase에 의한 통증 감소와 소염작용이 여러 연구자들에 의해 제안되었으나 이들 생리작용이 현대 임상 약리학에서 거의 입증이 안되었고 지지를 지 못했다. Gel내 미량 anthraquinone 배당체(aloin)가 false substrate inhibitor작용에 기인한 항 prostanoid (항PG와 항TX) 효과에 의한 소염, 화상, 동상 상처 치료 작용을 낸다는 가설이 한 때 상당 기간 많은 연구자들에 의해 주장되었으나 이 제안도 증명되지 못했고 이제는 다른 연구자들의 다른 주장들에 의해 가려지고 있다. 또 gel의 항미생물, 항당뇨, 간해독 작용 등이 gel내 미량 anthraquinone 화합물의 작용에 기인할 것으로 제안되었다. 1980년 중반 부터 최근(1993년)에 이르기 까지 많은 연구자들에 의해 새로이 주장 되고 있는 gel의 생리작용은 주성분 다당류인 acetylglu-comannan과 acetylmannan 및 glycoprotein에 의한 면역 증진 내지 면역 조절작용에 의한 감염 상처 치료, 소염, 항미생물, 항암 작용이 계속 제안되고 있다. 저자는 acetylpolysacchride의 acetyl기가 in vivo에서 cyclooxy-genase를 억제하여 항 prostanoide 효과를 낼 것으로 가정해 본다. 이제는 acetylpolysacchride에 대한 여러 주장들이 임상적으로 증명되어 gel의 효력에 대한 논쟁에서 결론이 날 것으로 기대해 본다. Aloe gel의 다당류 acemannan의 실험 동물(개)에 대한 독성 실험 결과 복강내 주입에 의한 최저 부작용 유발량은 5.0mg/kg이었으나 aloe gel은 일반적으로 무독한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 aloe gel의 임상 적용에서 가끔 과민 반응에 의한 부작용 사례 보고를 다수 볼 수 있고 실험적 연구에서도 입증되어 있으므로 aloe gel을 건강 식품으로 섭취하는 경우는 국소 적용시 유의해야 할 점이라 생각된다. 결국 aloe gel의 오랜 연구역사를 볼 때 어떤 생리작용의 기전에 의존한던 간에 aloe gel이 유익한 여러 효과를 낸다는 사실을 간단히 부정하기는 어려울 것 같다.울 것 같다.

Keywords

References

  1. Pharmacognosy Tyler,V.E.;Brady,L.R.;Robbers,J.E.
  2. Desert Plants v.6 Aole vera, plant symbolism and the threshing floor Crosswhite,J.S.;Crosswhite,C.D.
  3. The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides Gunther,R.T.
  4. Bill C. Coats Aloe vera the Silent Healer, A Modern Study of Aloe vera Coats,B.C.;Ahola,R.
  5. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine v.66 A drug for all seasons, Medical and pharmacological history of aloe Haller,J.S.Jr.
  6. Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology v.47 Aloc vera in oriental dermatology Cole,H.N.;Chen,K.K.
  7. N. Y. J. Med. v.4 On the action and use of aloes Peters,R.
  8. J. Am. Pham. Ass. v.11 Aloes as a medicine Fantus,B.
  9. Algonac. MI. Reference Publications Medicinal Plants of North Africa Boulos,L.
  10. 대한 약전 보건사회부
  11. 약제와 처방 김재완
  12. Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America (5th ed.) The United States Pharmacopoei a Convention
  13. The National Formulary (5th ed.) American Pharmaceutical Association
  14. Martindale-The extra pharmacopeia Reynolds,T.
  15. Atlas of Medicinal Plants of Middle America, Bahamas to Yucatan Morton,J.F.;Charies C. Thomas
  16. Research in Nursing & Health v.14 The use of botanicals for health purposes by members of a prepaid health plan Brown,J.S.;Marcy,S.A.
  17. Aloe vera gel. The ageless beauty ingredient. (9th ed.) Madis Laboratories
  18. Excelsa v.5 Medicinal properties in the Aloe Bruce,W.G.G.
  19. Cosmetics and Toiletries v.98 The efficacy of the Aloe plant chemical costituents and biological activities Suga,T.;Hirata,T.
  20. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society v.90 The compounds in Aloe leaf exudates. A review Reynolds,T.
  21. Journal of Ethnopharmcology v.16 The Aloe vera phenomenon. A review of the properties and modern uses of the leaf parencyma gel Grindlay,D.;Reynolds,T.
  22. Cutis v.37 Aloe vera, fiction or fact Natow,A.J.
  23. Honeopathic medicine at Home Panos,M.B.;Heimlich,J.
  24. J. Am Podiatr. Med. Assoc. v.72 The evaluation of natural substances in the treatment of adjuvant arthritis Hanley,D.C.;Solomon,W.A.B.;Saffran,B.
  25. Aloe barbadensis Mill Medicinal Plants of India and Pakistan Dastur,J.F.
  26. American Bee Journal v.114 Ancients knew value of Aloe for bee stings Nieberding,J.F.
  27. Texas Dental Journal v.84 Aloe vara. Panacea or old wives'tales? Bovik,E.G.
  28. Zeitschrift for Naturforschung v.32 Biologically active constituents of leaves and roots of Aloe arborescens var. natalensis Hirata,T.;Suga,T.
  29. American Journal of Roentgenology v.33 Roentgen dermatitis with fresh whole leaf of Aloe vera Collins,C.E.;Collins,C.
  30. Journal of the Americal Pharmaceutical Association v.30 Further observations on the use of Aloe vera leaf in the treatment of third-degree X-ray reactions Rowe,T.D.;Lovell,B.K.;Parks,L.M.
  31. Cancer v.6 Experimental acute radiodermatitis following Beta radiation. V. Histopathological study of the mode of action of therapy with Aloe vera. Lushbaugh,C.C.;Hale,D.B.
  32. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists v.15 Measuring the effects of topical preparations upon the healing of skin wounds Goff,S.;Levenstein,I.
  33. Thesis submitted to faculty of Baylor University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Tissue Response to Aloe vera Gel follo wing Periodontal Surgery Payne,J.M.
  34. Experientia v.41 Effect of aloe lectin on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in baby hamstar kidney cells Yagi,A.;Machii,K.;Nishimura,H.;Shida,T.;Nishioka,I.
  35. International Journal of Immunopharmacology v.12 Effect of low molecular constituents from Aloe vera gel on oxidative metabolism and cytotoxic and bactericidal activities of human neutrophils 't Hart,L.A.;Nibbering,P.H.;van den Barselaar,M.T.;van Dijk, H.;van den Berg,A.J.;Labadie,R.P.
  36. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences v.73 Structure determination of polysaccharides in Aloe saponaria (Hill.) Haw. (Lilliaceae) Yagi,A.;Hamada,K.;Mihashi,K.;Harada,N.;Nishioka,I.
  37. International Journal of Immunoph armacology v.10 Enhancement of allo-responsiveness of human lymphocytes by acemannan(Carrisyn) Womble,D.;Helderman,J.H.
  38. Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan v.109 Effects of aloe extracts, aloctin A, on gastric secretion and on experimental gastric lesions in rats Saito,H.;Imanishi,K.;Okabe,S.
  39. Acemannan. Molecular Biotherapy v.3 Decreased mortality of Norman murine sarcoma in mice trcated with the immunomodulator Peng,S.Y.;Norman,J.;Curtin,G.;Corrier,D.;Mcdaniel,H.R.;Busbee,D.
  40. American Journal of Pharmacy v.140 Current status of Aloe as a cure-all Gjerstad,G.;Riner,T.D.
  41. Veterinary and Human Toxicology v.22 Aloe vera-fact or quackery Spoerke,D.G.;Ekins,B.R.
  42. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery v.20 The use of Aloe vera in the treatment of thermal and irradiation in alboratory animals and humans Ashley,F.L.;O'Loughlin,B.J.;Peterson,R.;Fernandez,L.I.;Stein,H.;Schwartz,A.N.
  43. Arch. Dermatol. v.116 Hypersensitivity to aloe Morrow,D.M.;Rapaport,M.S.;Strick,R.A.
  44. Contact Dermatitis v.11 Contact dermatitis from Aloe arborescens Nakamura,T.;Kotajima,S.
  45. Canadian Medical Association Journal v.138 Widespread dermatitis after topical treatment of chronic leg ulcers and stasis dermatitis Hogan,D.J.
  46. Cutis v.47 Adverse reactions to vitamin E and Aloe vera preparations after dermabrasion and chemical peel Hunter,D.;Frumkin,A.
  47. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology v.18 Aloe vera Klein,A.D.;Penneys,N.S.
  48. International Journal of Dermatology v.30 Aloe vera. Its chemical and therapeutic properties Shelton,R.M.
  49. Lloydia v.27 The anthracene derivatives of medicinal plants Fairbairn,J.W.
  50. Aloe research. Aloe v.9 McCarthy,T.J.
  51. Excelsa v.8 Aloe vera in cosmetics Leung,A.Y.
  52. Cosmetics and Toiletores v.94 An updated review of Aloe vera Henry,R.
  53. FDA Consum. v.15 The overselling of Aloe vera Heeth,A.
  54. 한국영양식량학회 춘계학술발표회 논문초록 (특별 강연) 건강 보조 식품의 정책과 현황 천석조
  55. Pharmacographia (2nd ed.) A history of the principal drugs of vegetable origin, met with in great britain and british india Fluckiger,F.A.;Handbury,D.
  56. J. Am. Pharm. Ass. v.2 The botany of aloes Day,W.B.
  57. The Trustees, The Aloes Book Fund The Aloes of Tropical Africa and Madagascar Reyholds,G.W.
  58. Culture and Uses Major Medicinal Plants. Botony Morton,J.F.;I.L,Thomas
  59. Pharmacognosy (11th ed.) Trease,G.E.;Evans,W.C.
  60. Farmatsiya (Moscow) v.28 Plants used by people of the USSR for treatment of infected wounds Nikolaeva,V.G.
  61. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences v.71 Cardiac stimulant action of constituents of Aloe saponaria Yagi,A.;Shibata,S.;Nishioka,L.;lwadare,S.;lshida,Y.
  62. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences v.71 Antibaradykinin active material in Aloe saponaria Yagi,A.;Harada,N.;Yamada,H.;Iwadare,S.;Nishioka,I.
  63. Edinburgh Med. J. v.22 On the therapeutics of aloin Craig,W.
  64. J. Med. Sci. v.12 On aloin. The cathartic principles of aloe Monthly Smith,T.;Smith,H.
  65. Planta Medica v.14 The seasonal variation of aloin in leaf juice from Aloe ferox and aloe marlothll McCarthy,T.J.;van Rheede van Oudtshorn,M.C.B.
  66. Drugs & Cosmetic industry v.120 Aloe vera in cosmetics Leung,A.Y.
  67. Cabohydrate Research v.86 Structure of the D-galactan isolated form Aloe barbadensis Miller Mandal,G.;Das,A.
  68. Erde Internatioal v.1 Comparison between the nutritional contents of the aloe gel from conventionally and hydroponically grown plants Pierce,R.F.
  69. Journal of the American Chemical Society v.70 A mucilage from Aole vera Roboz,E.;Haagen-Smit,A.J.
  70. US Patent, 3, Chemical Abstracts v.60 Topical medicament including polyuronide derived from aloe Farkas,A.
  71. Carbohydrate Research v.87 Structure of the glucomannan isolated from the leaves of Aloe barbadensis Miller Mandal,G.;Das,A.
  72. Khimija Prirodnykh Soedinenii v.11 Polysaccharides in Aloe arborescens Ovodova,R.G.;Lapchik,V.F.;Ovodov,Y.S.
  73. Carbohydrate Research v.60 Structural studies of the polysaccharide from Aloe plicatills miller Paulsen,B.S.;Fagerheim,E.;Overbye,E.
  74. Biochimie v.66 Further studies of the glucomannan from Aloe vahombe(Liliaceae). III. Partial hydrolyses and NMR carvon-13 studies Radjabi-Nassab,F.;Ramiliarison,C.;Monneret,C.;Bilkas,E.
  75. Biochimie v.68 The glucomannan system from Aloe vahombe(Liliaceae). III. Comparative studies on the glocomannan components isolated from the leaves Vilkas,E.;Radjabi-Nassab,F.
  76. Planta Medica v.31 Aloe mannan, Polysaccharide, from Aloe arborescens var.natalensis Yagi,A.;Makino,K.;Nishioka,I.;Kuchino,Y.
  77. Carbohydrate Ressearch v.72 Structural studies of polysaccharides from Aloe vera Gowda,D.C.;Neelisiddaiah,B.;Anjaneyalu,Y.V.
  78. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association v.30 Phytochemical study of Aloe vera leaf Rowe,T.D.;Parks,L.M.
  79. Advancing frontiers of plant Sciences v.28 Chemical studies of Aloe vera juice-Ⅰ. Amino acid analysis Gjerstad,G.
  80. J. Bum Care Rehab. v.3 Myth, magic, witchcraft, or fact? Aloc vera revisited Robson,M.C.;Heggers,J.P.;Hagstrom,W.J.
  81. American Perfumer and Cosmetics v.84 An appraisal of the Aloe vera juice Gjerstad,G.
  82. Plastic & Reconsturctive Surgery v.81 Comparative evaluation of Aloe vera in the management of burn wounds in guinea pigs Rodriguez-Bigas,M.;Cruz,N.l.;Suarez,A.
  83. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science v.58 A chemical investigation of Aloe barbadensis miller Waller,G.B.;Mangiafico,S.;Ritchey,C.R.
  84. Erde international v.1 Investigating the amino acid content of the excudate from the leaves of Aloe barbadensis(Aloe vera) Khan,R.H.
  85. Journal of Biochemistry v.85 Purification and characterization of two lectins from Aloe arborescens Mill Suzuki,L.;Saito,H.;Inoue,S.;Migita,S.;Takahshi,T.
  86. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology v.32 Pharmacological studies in a plant lectin Aloctin A. II. Inhibitory effect of Aloctin A on experimental models of inflammation in rats Saito,S.;Ishiguro,T.;Imanishi,K.;Suzuki,I.
  87. Biochemical Pharmacology v.25 Bradykinase activity of aloe extract Fujita,K.;Teradaira,R.;Nagatsu,T.
  88. Biochemistry international v.22 Glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II from Aloe vera. Purification, characterization and comparison with animal glyoxalases Norton,S.J.;Talesa,V.;Yuan,W.J.;Principato,G.B.
  89. J. Am. Chem. Soc. v.70 A mucilage from Aloe vera Roboz,E.;Hangen-Smith,A.J.
  90. Carbohydrate Research v.241 Determination of the position of the O-acetylgroup in a beta-(1-:4)-mannan(acemannan) from Aloe barbardensis Miller Manna,S.;McAnalley,B.H.
  91. Southern Pract. v.5 Old lights newly snuffed Bowling,W.K.
  92. Prostaglandins v.26 Effect of indomethacin on aloin and 1,8 dioxian-thraquinone-induccd production of Prostaglandins in rat isolated colon Capasso,F.;Mascolo,N.;Autore,G.;Duraccio,M.R.
  93. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin v.38 Studies of aloe. III. Mechanism of cathartic effect. (2) Ishii,Y.;Tanizawa,H.;Takino,Y.
  94. Planta Medica v.57 Isolation of a human intestinal bacterium capable of transforming barbaloin to aloe emodinanthrone Che,O.M.;Akao,T.;Hattori,M.;Kobashi,K.;Namba,T.
  95. Journal of Pharmay & Pharmacology v.44 Metabolic activation of sennoside C in mice. Synergistic action of anthrones Yamauchi,K.;Shinano,K.;Nakajima,K.;Yagi,T.;Kuwano,S.
  96. Journal of the American Medical Association v.106 Aloe vera in the treatment of Roentgen ulcers and telangiectasis Wright,C.S.
  97. Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology v.36 Leaf of Aloe vera in treatment of Roentgen ray ulcers Loveman,A.B.
  98. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin v.25 Aloe vera as a remedy for burns Cutak,L.
  99. Minnesota Medicine v.20 The external use of Aloes Crewe,J.E.
  100. Radiology v.31 Cultivation and clinical appication of Aloe vera leaf Fine,A.F.;Brown,S.
  101. X-rays and Radium in the Treatment of Diseases of the Skin(3rd ed.) Mackee,G.M.
  102. Radiology v.32 Aloe vera in the treatment of radiation ulcers of mucous membranes Mandeville,F.B.
  103. Industrial Medicine and Surgery v.28 Experimental thermal burns Rovatti,B.;Brennan,R.J.
  104. Acta Dermatovener (Stockholm) v.62 Inhibition of arachidonic acid oxidation in vitro by vehicle components Penneys,N.S.
  105. Con tact Dermatitis v.8 Contact dermatitis to Aloe arborescens Shoji,A.
  106. Photo-Dematology v.6 Aloe vera does not affect cutaneous erythema and blood flow following ultraviolet B exposure Crowell,J.;Hilsenbeck,S.;Penneys,N.
  107. Obstetrics & Cynecology v.78 Aloe vera dermal wound gel is associated with a delay in wound healing Schmidt,J.M.;Greenspoon,J.S.
  108. International Journal of Dermatology v.31 Photodermatitis to Aloe vera Dominguez-Soto,L.
  109. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association v.62 Aole vera gel in peptic ulcer therapy (preliminary report) Blitz,J.J.;Smith,J.W.;Gerard,J.R.
  110. Journal of Hand Surgery v.12 The role of thromboxane in experimantal inadvertent intra-arterial drug injections Zachary,L.S.;Smith,D.J.Jr.;Heggers,J.P.;Robson,M.C.;Boertman,J.A.;Niu,X.T.;Schileru,R.E.;Sack,R.J.
  111. Economic Botany v.15 Folk uses and commerical exploitation of Aloe leaf pulp Morton,J.F.
  112. Journal of Clinical Investigation v.28 The ocurrence of antibacterial substances active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in seed plants Gottshall,R.Y.;Lucas,E.H.;Lickfeldt,A.;Roberts,J.M.
  113. Economic Botany v.17 Tests of Aloe vera for antibiotic activity Fly,L.B.;Kiem,I.
  114. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science v.53 Bacteriostatic property of Aloe vera Lorenzetti,L.J.;Salisbury,R.;Beal,J.L.;Baldwin,J.N.
  115. South African Medical Journal v.41 Investigations of the antibacterial activity in the Aloe Bruce,W.G.G.
  116. Antimicrob Agents Chemoher v.14 Effect of leaf extract of Aloe arborescens Miller on growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes Fujita,K.;Yamada,Y.;Azuma,K.;Horozawa,S.
  117. Archives de I' Institut Pasteur de Madagascar v.47 Mise en evidence et etude des proprietes immunostimulantew d'un extrait isole et partiellement pruifie a partir d'Aloe vahombe Solar,S.;Zeller,H.;Rasolofonirina,N.;Coulanges,P.;Ralamboranto,A.A.;Andriatsimahavandy,A.A.;Rakotovao,L.H.;LeDeaut,J.Y.
  118. (RUSSIAN) Voprosy onkologii v.32 Antimetastatic properties of Aloe Juice Gribel',N.V.;Pashinskii,V.G.
  119. Biochemical Pharmacology v.28 Properties of a carboxypeptidase from Aloe Fujita,K.;Ito,S.;Teradaira,R.;Beppu,H.
  120. Oral Surgery. Oral Medicine & Oral Pathology v.27 The effects of prednisolone, indomethacin and Aole vera gel on tissue culture cells Brasher,W.J.;Zimmermann,E.R.;Collings,C.K.
  121. Economic Botany v.35 Effects of Aloe extracts on human normal and tumour cells in vitro Winters,W.D.;Benavides,R.;Clause,W.J.
  122. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association v.79 Aloe vera and gibberellin. Anti-inflammatory activity in diabetes Davis,R.H.;Maro,N.P.
  123. Cosmetics and Toiletries v.98 Possible mechanisms of the healing action of aloe gel Rubel,B.L.
  124. Minnesota Medicine v.22 Aloes in the treatmemt of burns and scalds Crewe,J.E.
  125. Journal of Research in Plants and Medcinesl v.2 Preliminary study on certain vedanasthapana (analgesic) drugs Gupta,R.A.;Singh,B.N.;Singh,R.N.
  126. General Dentistry v.32 Tic douloureux. report of successaful treatment Hayes,S.M.
  127. Journal of the Bergen Country Dental Society v.50 Aloe vera in dentistry Strum,P.G.;Hayes,S.M.
  128. American College of Surgeons Surgical Forum v.31 Antiprostaglandins and antithrom-boxanes for treatment of frostbite Raine,T.J.;London,M.D.;Goluch,K.;Heggers,J.P.;Robson,M.C.
  129. Traumatic Injury. Infection and Other Immunological Sequelae Prostaglandins and thromboxanes Heggers,J.P.;Robson,M.C.
  130. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. v.16 The therapeutic efficacy of Aloe vera cream (dermaide aloe) in thermal injuries. Two case reports Cera,L.M.;Heggers,J.P.;Robson,M.C.
  131. J. Trauma v.23 Frostbite injuries. A rational approach based on the pathophysiology McCauley,R.L.;Hing,D.N.;Robson,M.C.
  132. Postgraduate Medicine v.88 Frostbite. Methods to minimize tissue loss McCauley,R.L.;Heggers,J.P.;Robson,M.C.
  133. Journal of Dermatologic Surgery & Oncology v.13 Dermabrasion-Loo-punch-excision technique for the treatment of acne induced osteoma cutis Fulton,J.E.Jr.
  134. Journal of Dermatologic Srugery & Oncology v.16 The stimulation of postdermabrasion wound healing with stabilized Alloe vera gel-polye-thylene oxide dressing Fulton,J.E.Jr.
  135. Angiology-The Journal of Vascular Diseases v.36 Prevention of atheromatous heart disease Agarwal,O.P.
  136. Annals of Emergency Medicine v.16 Experimental and clinical observations on frostbite. Heggers,J.P.;Robson,M.C.;Manavalen,K.;Weinganen,M.D.;Carethers,J.M.;Boertman,J.A.;Smith,D.J.Jr.;Sarchs,R.J.
  137. Journal of Ethnophar-macology v.23 Two functionally and chemically distinct immunomodulatory compounds in the gel of Aloe vera 't Hart,L.A.;van Enckevort,P.H.;van Dijk,H.;Zaat,R.;de Silva,K.T.;Labadie,R.P.
  138. Planta Medica v.55 An anti-coplementary polysaccharide with immunological adjuvant activity from the leaf parenchyma gel of Aloe vera t' Hart,L.A.;van den Berg,A.J.;Kuis,L.;van Dijk,H.;Labadie,R.P.
  139. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association v.79 no.8 Processed Aloe vera administered topically inhibits inflammation Davis,R.H.;Rosenthal,K.Y.;Cesario,L.R.;Rouw,G.A.
  140. Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan v.110 Studies on chemical protector against radiation. XXXI. Protection effects of Aloe arborescens on skin injury induced by X-irradiation Sato,Y.;Ohta,S.;Shinoda,M.
  141. 식품 공전 보건사회부
  142. American Journal of Botany v.34 The healing action of extracts of Aloe vera leaf on abrasions of human skin Barnes,T.C.
  143. Meditsinskaya Promyshiennost, USSR v.11 An Aloe emulsion-a new medicinal preparation Aleshkina,J.A.;Rostotskii,B.K.
  144. Arerugi-Japanese Journal of Allergology v.36 Effect of amino acids in Aloe extrat on phagocytosis by peripheral neutrophil in adult bronchial asthma Yagi,A.;Shida,T.;Nishimura,H.
  145. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin v.37 Effect of water extracts of aloe and some herbs in decreasing blood ethanol concentration in rats. II Sakai,K.;Saitoh,Y.;Ikawa,C.;Nishihata,T.
  146. Chung-Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih-China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica v.14 Protective effect of extracts from Aloe vera L. var. chinensis(Haw.)Berg. on experimental hepatic lesions and primary clinical study on the injection of in patients with hepatitis Fan,Y.J.;Li,M.;Yang,W.L.;Qin,L.;Zou,J.
  147. Hormone Research v.24 The antidiabetic activity of aloes. Preliminary clinical and experimental observations Ghannam,N.;Kingston,M.;Al-Meshaal,I.A.;Tariq,M.;Parman,N.S.;Woodhouse,N.
  148. Journal of Athnopharmacology v.28 Effect of aloes on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxane diabetic mice Ajabnoor,M.A.
  149. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy v.35 Inactivation of enveloped viruses by anthraquinones extracted from plants Sydiskis,R.J.;Owen,D.G.;Lohr,J.L.;Rosler,K.H.;Blomster,R.N.
  150. Antiviral Research v.16 In vitro virucidal activity of selected anthra-quinones and anthraquinone derivatives Anderson,D.O.;Wever,N.D.;Wood,S.G.;Hughes,B.G.;Murray,B.K.;North,J.A.
  151. Mutation Research v.240 Genotoxicity of naturally occurring hydroxyanthraquinones Westendorf,J.;Marzuardt,H.;Poginsky,B.;Dominiak,M.;Schmidt,I.
  152. Cancer Resarch v.50 Hydroxy-anthraquinones as tumour promoters. Enhancement of malignant transformation of C3h mouse fibroblasts and growth stimulation of primary rat hepatocytes Wolfle,D.;Schmutte,C.;Westendorf,I.;Marquardf,H.
  153. 약용 식물학 임기홍
  154. Veterinary & Human Toxicology v.34 Subchronic oral administration of acemannan in the rat and dog Fogleman,R.W.;Shellenberger,T.E.;Balmer,M.F.;Carpenter,R.H.;McAnalley,B.H.
  155. Veterinary & Human Toxicology v.34 Toxicologic evaluation of injectable acemannan in the mouse, rat and dog Fogleman,R.W.;Chapdelaine,J.M.;Carpenter,R.H.;McAnalley,B.H.
  156. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. v.77 Topical antiinflammatory activity of Aloe vera as measured by ear swelling Davis,R.H.;Leitner,M.G.;Russo,J.M.
  157. Hawaii Medical Journal v.46 Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis Satta,S.
  158. Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation v.9 Aloe vera gel hindered wound healing of experimental second-degree burns, a quantitative controlled study Kaufman,T.;Kalderon,N.;Ullmann,Y.;Berger,J.
  159. Journal of Dermatologic Surgery & Oncology v.15 The role of topical agents in the healing of full-thickness wounds Watcher,M.A.;Wheeland,R.G.
  160. Archivos De Inverstigacion Medica v.22 Experimental study of the hypogly-cemic effect of some antidiabetic plants Roman-Ramos,R.;Flores-Saenz,J.L.;Partida-Hernandez,G.;Lara-Lemus,A.;Alarcon-Aguilar,F.