Herbicidal Activity of Thiocarbamate Herbicides and Its Effect on Cell Division and Elongation

Thiocarbamate계(系) 잡초제(雜草劑)의 살초력(殺草力)과 세포분열(細胞分裂) 및 신장(伸長)에 미치는 영향(影響)

The herbicidal activity of thiocarbamate herbicides and its effect on cell division and elongation were determined. The herbicides studied were molinate(S-ethyl-N,N-hexamethylenethiocarbamate), dimepiperate [S-(${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$-di methylbenzyle)piperidine-1-carbothioate], esprocarb [S-benzyl-N-ethyl-N-(1,2-dimethylpropyl) thiocarbamate], and thiobencarb [S-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N, N-diethylthiocarbamate]. The herbicides applied at the rates ranged from $10^{-6}$ to $10^{-5}M$ did not affect germination and post-germination root growth of rice(Oryza sativa L.) and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) P. Beauv.], but inhibited the post-germination shoot growth. There was no inhibition of gibberellin-induced ${\alpha}$-amylase biosynthesis in de-embryonated rice seeds by the herbicides at $10^{-5}M$, but about 50-60% inhibition occurred at $10^{-4}M$. When the herbicides were applied 7 days after seeding, the rates required to 50% growth inhibition of barnyardgrass were 146g, 91g, 96g, and 102g ai/10a for molinate, dimepiperate, esprocarb, and thiobencarb, respectively. No effect of the herbicides on cell division was found at $10^{-4}M$, but about 31 to 47% inhibition as compared with the untreated check was obtained by treatment of the herbicides at $10^{-3}M$. However, about 33 to 38% inhibition of cell elongation occurred at $10^{-5}M$ of the herbicides. They also inhibited IAA-induced cell elongation.

Thiocarbamate계(系) 제초제(除草劑) 4종(種)(molinate, dimepiperate, esprocarb 및 thiobencarb)의 살초력(殺草力)과 세포분열(細胞分裂) 및 신장(伸長)에 미치는 영향을 비교 검토하였다. 실험(實驗) 제초제(除草劑) 4종(種) 모두 $10^{-6}-10^{-4}M$ 처리수준(處理水準)에서 벼와 피의 발아(發芽) 및 발아후(發芽後) 뿌리 생장(生長)에는 영향을 미치지 않고, 발아후(發芽後) 지상부(地上部) 생육(生育)에만 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 gibberellin-유기(誘起) ${\alpha}$-amylase 생합성(生合成)에 대해서는 실험(實驗) 제초제(除草劑) 모두 $10^{-5}M$ 처리수준(處理水準)에서는 영향이 없었지만, $10^{-4}M$에서는 무처리(無處理) 대비(對比) 약 50-60%의 저해를 나타내었다. 피 파종 후 7 일에 처리된 thiocarbamate계(系) 제초제(除草劑)의 초장(草長) 생육 50% 억제에 요구되는 약량(藥量)은 molinate 146g, dimepiperate 91g, esprocarb 96g 및 thiobencarb 102g ai/10a이었다. 4종(種)의 thiocarbamate계(系) 제초제(除草劑)는 $10^{-4}M$ 처리(處理) 농도(濃度)에서 세포분열(細胞分裂)에 영향을 미치지 않았고, $10^{-3}M$ 농도(濃度)에서 약 31-47%의 저해(沮害)를 보였다. 세포신장(細胞伸長)에는 $10^{-5}M$ 처리수준(處理水準)에서 약 33-38%의 억제를 보였다. 실험(實驗) thiocarbamate계(系) 제초제(除草劑) 모두 IAA-유기(誘起) 엽초 신장을 저해하였다.