Development of Meat-like Flavor by Maillard Reaction with Addition of Natural Flavoring Materials

천연 조미향상물질의 첨가에 의한 Maillard 반응에서 Meat-like Flavor의 개발

  • Ko, Soon-Nam (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University) ;
  • Nam, Hee-Sop (Nong-Shim Research and Development Center) ;
  • Kim, Woo-Jung (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University)
  • 고순남 (세종대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 남희섭 ((주)농심 기술개발연구소) ;
  • 김우정 (세종대학교 식품공학과)
  • Published : 1997.10.01

Abstract

Addition of three natural flavoring materials, hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP), hydrolyzed animal protein (HAP) and yeast extract (YE), into 0.2 M cystine-0.1 M lactose-0.1 M maltose solution (control) was studied for development of meat-like flavor by Maillard reaction. The HVP, HAP and YE were added individually at various concentrations and were mixed at selected concentration in order to compare their effects. The absorbance, color, sensory characteristics and volatile compounds of the solutions after the reaction at $100^{\circ}C$ for 8 hr were measured. The results showed that the absorbances of reaction solution at 420 nm and 278 nm were increased as reaction time and the concentration of the natural flavoring material increased. Also ‘L’ values of reaction solutions added with HVP, HAP or YE decreased while the ‘b’ value increased slightly. From the results of sensory evaluation 1.16% HVP, 0.94% HAP, 1.48% YE or 1.16% HVP + 0.94% HAP were selected as the appropriate substrates for the meat-like flavor development. The volatile compounds identified by GC/MS for the control and those added with 1.16% HVP or 1.16% HVP+0.94% HAP were 1 hydrocarbons, 9 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 1 ester, 5 alcohols, 2 aromatics(benzene), 2 furans, 1 sulfur compound.

Meat-like flavor를 생성하고자 당과 아미노산 혼합액인 0.2 M cystine-0.1 M lactose-0.1 M maltose를 대조구로 하여 천연 조미향상물질(HVP, HAP, YE)을 첨가하였다. 천연 조미향상물질의 첨가는 대조구에 농도별로 단독 첨가하였으며 단독 첨가시 선정된 농도의 HVP, HAP나 YE를 혼합하여 그 영향을 비교하였다. Meat-like flavor 생성에 유사한 조건인 $100^{\circ}C$에서 8시간 동안 마이야르 반응시킨 반응액은 흡광도, 색, 관능적 성질 및 휘발성 향기성분을 분석하였다. 그 결과 HVP, HAP, YE를 첨가 농도별로 첨가하였을 때 반응 시간과 첨가 농도가 증가할수록 420 nm와 278 nm에서의 흡광도가 증가하였다. 또한 첨가 농도별 색의 변화는 HVP, HAP와 YE 모두 b값은 증가 경향을 나타낸 반면 L값은 감소 경향을 나타내었다. 관능 검사에서 meat flavor에 근접한 각 조미향상물질의 첨가 농도는 1.16% HVP, 0.94% HAP, 1.48% YE이었고 가장 meat flavor에 근접한 반응액은 대조구에 HVP 1.16%와 HAP 0.94%를 혼합 첨가한 반응액이었다. 대조구와 HVP 단독 첨가구 및 HVP와 HAP 혼합 첨가구에 대한 향기 성분을 비교하고자 GC/MS로 분석한 결과 hydrocarbon류 1종, aldehyde류 9종, ketone류 5종, ester류 1종, alcohol류 5종, aromatics(benzene)류 2종, furan류 2종, sulfur compound류 1종을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords