Physico-chemical Characteristics of Yogurt by Lactobacillus spp. from Pickles

젓갈에서 분리한 Lactobacillus spp.로 제조한 요구르트의 이화학적 특성

  • Rhee, Young-Hwan (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chon-Nam National University) ;
  • Na, Han-Ju (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chon-Nam National University) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Kyu (Department of Dairy Science, College of Agriculture, Chon-Nam National University) ;
  • Shin, Seung-Yee (Department of Food Science & Technology, Dong-A Junior College) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Hyun (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chon-Nam National University)
  • 이영환 (전남대학교 농과대학 농화학과) ;
  • 나한주 (전남대학교 농과대학 농화학과) ;
  • 이용규 (전남대학교 농과대학 낙농학과) ;
  • 신승이 (동아전문대학 식품가공과) ;
  • 김종현 (전남대학교 농과대학 농화학과)
  • Published : 1997.02.28

Abstract

Three strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fish and shrimp pickles. Two strains were identified as Lactobacillus casei, and one strain as L. Pentosus, respectively. All three strains were used as starters in producing yogurts. The physico-chemical characteristics of yogurts were examined. The original pH, titratable acidity, visicosity and viable cell counts of the yogurts were $4.03{\sim}4.26,\;1.049{\sim}l.217%,\;1,772{\sim}2,232\;cps\;and\;1.4{\times}10^9{\sim}1.6{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, respectively. In evaluating buffer capacity, $12.50{\sim}14.06\;ml$ 1.0N HCl was consumed to titrate 100 ml of yogurt to pH value 2 units below the original pH value and $9.46{\sim}13.06\;ml$ of 1.0N NaOH was consumed to pH value 4 units above the original pH value. The ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity reached maximum at 48 hrs, and reduced gradually during fermantation. After 2 hr incubation of yogurts at $37^{\circ}C$ under different pH conditions, ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities of three strains were reduced to 50% at pH 3.5, but there were no remaining activities neither at pH 2.5 nor at pH 1.5. Under the same pH conditions the number of viable cells decreased to $1.9{\times}10^6{\sim}1.8{\times}10^8\;cfu/ml$ at pH 2.5 and $1.0{\times}10^3{\sim}2.4{\times}10^5$ at pH 1.5, respectively. However, no significant difference was found at pH 3.5.

젓갈류로 부터 Lactobacillus cases 2주와 L. pentosus 1주를 분리, 동정한 후 이들 유산균의 요구르트 제조 Starter로서의 이용 가능성을 고찰하고자, 이들 균주를 Starter로 이용하여 요구르트를 제조한 결과 요구르트 고유의 pH값은 $4.03{\sim}4.26$, 산도는 $1.049{\sim}1.217%$, 점도는 $1,772{\sim}2,232\;cps$, 그리고 생균수는 $1.4{\times}10^9{\sim}1.6{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$였다. 요구르트의 완충능은 (요구르트 100 ml 기준) 1.0N HCl의 경우 12.50 ml 부터 14.06 ml 소모 되었고 1.0N NaOH는 9.46 ml 부터 13.06 ml 소모 되었다. 한편, 요구르트 제조시 균주 첨가 후 24시간 부터 72시간 동안 경시적으로 ${\beta}-galactosidase$ 활성도를 조사한 결과 48시간에 최고의 효소활성을 보였으며 이후에는 감소하였다. 또한 산성조건에서 2시간 동안 경시적으로 ${\beta}-galactosidase$ 활성도와 유산균 생존율을 측정한 결과 pH 3.5에서 2시간 후에는 $20{\sim}60%$ 정도 효소활성이 감소하였으며 pH 2.5와 pH 1.5에서 효소활성은 거의 없었다. 한편, 유산균의 생존율은 pH 3.5에서 2시간 후 거의 변화가 없었으나 pH 2.5와 pH 1.5에서는 각각 $1.9{\times}10^6{\sim}1.8{\times}10^8,\;1.0{\times}10^3{\sim}2.4{\times}10^5\;cfu/ml$ 수준이었다.

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