Effects of Acidification on the Species Compositions of Heterotrophic Bacterial Community in Microcosm

수계 종속영양세균 군집의 종조성에 미치는 산성화의 영향

  • 안영범 (한양대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 조홍범 (서울대학교 분자생물학 연구센터) ;
  • 최영길 (서경대학교 생물공학과)
  • Published : 1997.09.01

Abstract

In an artificial pH-gradient hatch culture system, the author analyzed the effects of acidification on the species composition of heterotrophic bacteria. As the result of this study, it was found that the numbers of total bacteria were not affected by acidification and that the population size of heterotrophic bacteria decreased as pH became lower. The heterotrophic bacteria isolated from all of the pH gradient were 12 genera and 22 species. and among them, gram negative and gram positive bacteria were 64% and 36%, respectivcly. As pH decreased, the distribution rate of gram negative bacteria increased while that of gram positive bacteria decreased. Regarding to distrihution rate of genuses in each pH gradient, 13 genuses appeared at pH 7 while only 5 genuses appeared at pH 3. which means that the diversity of genera decrease as pH decreased. As a result of cluster analysis, diversity indices 01 species had ranges from 1.13 to 2.37, and decreased as pH decreased. In order to evaluate the diversity of different size samples, we analyzed the expected number of species appearance according to pH by rarefaction method. The statistical significance of species diversity was verified by the fact that the number decreased at lower pH.

인위적으로 pH 구배가 조성딘 회분배양 시스템(batch culture system)내에서 종속영양 세균 군집의 종조성 변화에 미치는 산성화의 영향을 수리학적으로 분석하였다. 총세균의 개체수는 산성화에 영향을 받지 않았으며, 종속영양 세균 군집의 크기는 pH가 낮아질수록 감소하였다. 전 pH 구간에서 분리된 종속영양 세균들은 모두 12속 22종으로 나타났으며, 이중 그람음성 세균은 64%, 그람양성 세균은 36%의 비율로 분포하였다. pH가 낮아짐에 따라 그람양성 세균의 분포 비율은 감소하는 반면, 그람음성 세균의 분포 비율은 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 각 pH 구간별 속의 분포 비율은 pH 7에서는 12개 속이 출현하였으나, pH 3에서는 5개 속만 출현하여 pH가 낮아짐에 따라 속의 다양성이 감소하는 양상을 나타내었다. 종 다양성 지수는 1.13-2.37이 범주였으며, pH가 낮아질수록 종 다양성 지수가 낮게 나타났다. 크기가 다른 군집의 다양성 평가를 위해 rarefraction 방법으로 pH에 따른 종 출현의 기대값을 분석한 결과 역시 pH가 낮아질수록 기대값(expected number)이 낮은 것으로 나타남으로써 종 다양성 지수에 대한 유의성을 검정하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. 한국대기보전학회지 v.12 서울지역 강수중 이온 성분 분석자료의 해석 강공언;이주희;김희강
  2. 한국대기보전학회지 v.13 서울지역 강수 산성도의 장기적인 경향분석 강공언;임재현;김희강
  3. 국립환경연구원보 v.12 대기오염물질의 장거리 이동과 산성비 강하에 관한 연구Ⅱ 김양균;강인구;이민희;나진균;이석조;한의정;한진석;신찬기;김정수;유승도;홍율기;정준화;이재인;박태술;권오영;강은희
  4. 국립환경연구원보 v.12 대기오염물질의 장거리 이동과 산성비 강하에 관한 연구II 김양균;강인구;이민희;나진균;이석조;한의정;한진석;신찬기;김정수;유승도;홍율기;정준화;이재인;박태술;권오영;강은희
  5. 한국생태학회지 v.20 no.1 산성토양 개량제 처리에 따른 식물의 생장반응과 토양성질의 변화 문형태;박병규;김준호
  6. 한국수질보전학회지 v.12 산성우에 의한 토양내의 이온 거동에 관한 연구 송승완;최찬섭;정형근;권영식
  7. 한국육수학회지 v.29 회분배양 시스템에서 산성화에 따른 세균군집의 변화 안영범;조홍범;최영길
  8. Kor. J. Microbiol. v.33 Effects of hydrogen ion on aquatic population of microbes in Korea Ahn, Y.B.;H.B. Cho;Y.K. Choi
  9. Standard methods for the examination of water and coast water(18th ed) American Public Health Association;American Water Works association;Water Environment Federation
  10. Advances in Microbial Ecology v.7 Diversity of microbial communities Atlas, R.M.
  11. Workshop for Environmental Science and Technology An International Collaborative Project on Acid Rain in Asia Carmichael, G.R.;M. Amann;A. Azimi;S.C. Bhattacharya;R.M. Shrestha;M. Chadwick;J. Kuylenstierna;S. Cinderby;W. Foell;C. Green;J.P. Hettelingh;L. Hordijk;J. Shah;M.P. Singh;D. Zhao
  12. J. Bacteriol v.101 Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria indigenous to pH 2.8 acid mine water; predominant slime-producing bacteria in acid streams Dugan, P.R.;C.B. MacMillan;R.M. Pfister
  13. Microbial Ecology: A conceptual Approach The aquatic environment Fletcher, M.;J. M. Lynch(ed.);N.J. Poole(ed.)
  14. Methods in microbiology v.5B Chemical analysis of microbial cells Herlbert,D.;P.J.Phipps;R.E.Strange;J.R.Norris(ed.);D.W.Ribbons(ed.)
  15. Acidic precipitation Effects of acidic precipitation on lakes ecosystems Harvey, H.H.;D.C. Adriano(ed.);A.H. Johnson(ed.)
  16. Methods in microbiology v.5B Chemical analysis of microbial cells Herlbert, D.;P.J. Phipps;R.E. Strange;J.R. Norris(ed.);D.W. Ribbons(ed.)
  17. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.33 Use of nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy Hobbie, J.E.;R.J. Daley;S. Jasper
  18. Acid rain and acid waters Howells, G.
  19. Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology(9th ed.) John, G.H.;R.K. Noel;H.A.S. Peter;T.S. James;T.W. Stanley
  20. Statistical ecology Ludwig,J.A.;J.F.Reynolds
  21. Ecology of microbial communities Diversity in freshwater microbiology Jones, J.G.;M. Fletcher(ed.);T.R.G. Gray(ed.)
  22. Proceedings. '96 Symposium of Korean Society of Limnology Trophic state of reservoirs in Korea Kim, B.C.;J.H. Park;G.S. Hwang;K.S. Choi
  23. Statistical ecology Ludwig, J.A.;J.F. Reynolds
  24. Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria Macfaddin, J.M.
  25. Water Air and Soil Pollution v.69 Controlled experimental acidification of lake sediments and resulting trace metal behavior Matschullat, J.;M. Wyrobek
  26. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.43 Effects of acid on plant litter decomposition in an Arctic lake McKinley, V.L.;J.R. Vestal
  27. J. Appl. Bacteriol. v.75 Effects of pH and temperature on heterotrophic bacteria in acidified and non-acidified Iochs Rattray,J.;N.A.Logan
  28. Microb. Ecol. v.14 The community structure of sessile heterotrophic bacteria stressed by acid mine drainage Mills, A.L.;L.M. Mallory
  29. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.40 Aspects of diversity measurement for microbial communities Mills, A.L.;R.A. Wassel
  30. Ph.D. Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Microbiological studies of three Adirondack streams exhibiting pH gradients Osgood, M.P.
  31. J. Appl. Bacteriol. v.75 Effects of pH and temperature on heterotrophic bacteria in acidified and non-a-cidified lochs Rattray, J.;N.A. Logan
  32. Microbial ecology of a brackish water environment Rheinheimer, G.
  33. NTSYS-pc, Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 1.80 Rohlf, F.J.
  34. Acidification of freshwater ecosystems, implications for the future Changes caused by acidification to the biodiversity: Productivity and biogeochmical cycles of lakes Schindler, D.W.;C.E.W. Steinberg(ed);R.F. Wright(ed)
  35. Environ. Monit. Assess. v.12 Losses of biota from American aquatic communities due to acid rain Schindler, D.W.;S.E. Kasian;R.H. Hesslein
  36. Acidic precipitation Effects of acidic precipitation on the biota of freshwater lakes Stokes, P.M.;E.T. Howell;G. Krantzberg;D.C. Adriano(ed.);A.H. Johnson(ed.)
  37. Microb. Ecol. v.9 Change in water and sediment bacterial community structure in a lake receiving acid mine drainage Wassel, R.A.;A.L. Mills