Studies on Improved Carbon Cathode Performance in High Rate $Li/SOCl_2$ Cell

고율 방전용 $Li/SOCl_2$ 전지의 카본 양극 개선에 관한 연구

  • Published : 1997.03.01

Abstract

The performance characteristics of high rate discharge LiSOCl2 cells are highly affected by carbon cathode. During the cell discharge, SOCl2 reduction takes place at the porous carbon cathode, resulting in the precipitation of reaction products, mainly LiCl, within the pores of the substrate. This leads to eventual passivation of the cathode surface and resulting cell failure. To improve the cathode performance, we ex-amined discharge reactions of cathodes (half-cell, 50 mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$ constant current) with various surface density and thickness. The carbon cathode with the optimum capacity for our application is surface density 0.04 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and thickness 1.4mm carbon. The carbon cathode with surface density 0.04g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and thickness 1.4 mm exhibits decreased polarization, increased discharge duration time and capacity (Ah/$\textrm{cm}^2$) as compared with that with surface density 0.04g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and thickness 0.8mm. The porosities analyses on the two carbon cathodes show that total pore volume of the carbon cathode with thickness 1.4 mm is larger than that with thickness 0.8mm. The increased volume of mesopores (0.05$\mu$m~0.5$\mu$m) and macropores(>0.5$\mu$m) is ob-served with the carbon cathode with thickness 1.4mm as compared with that with thickness 0.8mm, which can be related with the observed capacity increase. We observed LiCl crystals, cubic crystallites and fused, plate-like aggregates, and some elemental S as discharge products by EDS and XRD.

고율 방전용 Li/SOCl2전지의 성능은 카본 양극에 의해 크게 영향을 받는다. 전지가 방전되는 동안 SOCl2의 환원은 다공성 카본 양극에서 일어나고 기공내에 방전반응 생성물-주로 LiCl-이 석출된다. 이러한 현상으로 양극 표면이 부동화되어 전지의 성능이 제한된다. 양극이 성능을 향상시키기 위해 양극이 표면밀도와 두께를 각각 변화시켜 양극 반쪽셀 정전류 방전실험(50mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$)을 행하였다. 실험 결과 0.04g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 두께 1.4mm의 양극이 가장 좋은 특성을 보였다. 표면 밀도가 0.04 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$로 일정하고 두께가 0.8mm, 1.4mm의 양극에서 분극현상은 두께가 두꺼운 1.4mm양극에서 감소하였으며 방전경과시간과 방전용량(Ah/$\textrm{cm}^2$)이 증가하였다. 두 양극에 대한 기공률 측정 결과 두께 1.4mm양극이 두께 0.8mm양극보다 전체 기공부피가 크고 전지성능과 연관되는 mesopore(0.05 $\mu$m~0.5$\mu$m)와 macropore(>0.5$\mu$m)부피가 더 증가하였다. 방전 후 카본 양극의 표면분석 결과 등방결정과 판상구조 집합체 형태의 LiCl과 소량의 S를 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Hand-book of Batteries and Fuel Cells Lithium Cells D. Linden;D. Linden(Ed by)
  2. J. Power Sources v.24 The L₁/SOCl₂Cell- a Review A J. Hills;N. A. Hampson
  3. Power Sources v.6 Primary L₁/SOCl₂ Cells III, The Effect of the Electrolyte and Electrode Variables on the Energy Density A. N Dey;P. Bro;D. H. Collins(ed.)
  4. J. Electrochem. Soc. v.127 High Rate Discharge Characterstics of Li/SOCl₂ Cells K A. Klinedinst;M .J. Domeniconi
  5. J. Electrochem. Soc. v.128 Cathode-Limited Li/SOCI₂Cells K. A. Klinedinst
  6. J. Electrochem. Soc. v.132 Relationships between Carbon Black Cathode Material Charateristics and Lithium/Oxyhalide Cell Performance K. A. Kinedinst
  7. Proc. Symp. Lithium Batteries, Pub. v.84 no.1 Cathode Manufacturing Processes for High-Rate Li/SOCI₂Batteries V. Danel; J. P. Descroix;A. Petit;A. N. Dey(ed.)
  8. J. Power Sources v.26 Microkinetic Study of Thionyl Chloride Reduction on Porous Carbon Electrodes V. S. Bagotzky;V. E. Kazarinov;Y. M. Volfkovich;L. S. Kanevsky;L. A. Beketayeva
  9. Power Sources 15 Changes to the Porous Structure of Carbon Cathodes during the Discharge of Li-SOCI₂Cells V. S. Bagotzky;Y. M. Volfkovich;L. S. Kanevsky;A. M. Skundin;M. Broussely; P. Chenebault;T. Caillaud;A. Attewell(ed.);T. Keily(ed.)
  10. J. Power Sources v.10 Investigation of Positive Electrode Characteristics in High Rate Li/SOCI₂Cells S. Szpak;J. R. Driscoll
  11. Proc. 30th Int. Power Sources Symp. High Discharge Rate Li/SOCI₂ Battery : SEM and EDAX Examinaion of Cathode J. R. Driscoll;S. Szpak