Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Feed Protein Quality on the Protein Metabolism of Growing Pigs - Using a Simulation Model -

성장기 돼지의 단백질대사에 사료단백질의 질이 미치는 영향 -수치모델을 사용하여-

  • 이옥희 (용인대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 1997.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the protein metabolism of pigs during growth depending on the feed protein quality and to describe quantitatively amino acids requirements, using a simulation model. The used model has a non-linear structure. In the used model, the protein utilization system of a pig, which is in the non-steady-state, is described with 15 flux equations and 11 differential equations and is composed with two compartments. Protein deposition(g/day) of pigs on the 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th day of feeding duration with three-quality protein, beginning with body weight 20kg, were calculated according to the empirical model, PAF(the product of amino acid functions) of Menke, and was used as object function for the simulation. The mean of relative difference between the simulated protein deposition and PAF calculated values, lied in a range of 8.8%. The simulated protein deposition showed different behavior according to feed protein quality. In the high-quality protein, it showed paraboloidal form with extending growth simulation up to 150eh day. So the maximum of protein deposition was acquired on the 105th day of simulate growth time and then it decreased fast. In the low-quality protein, this form of protein deposition in the course of simulated growth did not appear until 150th day. The simulated protein mass also showed a difference in accordance with feed protein quality. The difference was small on the 30th day of simulated growth, but with duration of the simulated growth it was larger. On the 150th day the simulated protein deposition of high quality protein was 1.5 times higher as compared to the low-quality protein. The simulated protein synthesis and break-down rates(g/day) in the whole body showed a parallel behavior in the course of growth, according to feed protein quality. It was found that the improvement of feed protein quality increased protein deposition in the whole body through a increase of both protein synthesis and breakdown during growth. Also protein deposition efficiency, which was calculated from simulated protein deposition and protein synthesis, showed a difference in dependence on the protein qualify of feed protein. The protein deposition efficiency was higher in pigs fed with high quality protein, especially at the simulation time 30th day. But this phenomena disappeared with growth, so on the 150th day of growth, the protein deposition of the high feed protein quality was lowest among the three different quality of feed protein. The simulated total requirement of the 10 essential amino acids for the growth of pigs was 28.1(g/100g protein), similar to NRC. The requirement of lysine was 4.2(g/100g protein).

Simulation의 결과와 PAF식으로 계산된 성장기의 단백질 축적량과의 상대적 차이는 8.8%를 보여 본 연구의 타당성이 확인되었다. 성장률을 나타내는 총 체단백질량에 대한 단백질 축적량은 양질의 단백질을 섭취 할 경우 성장함에 따라 parabolic 형태를 띄나, 사료단백질의 질이 낮아짐에 따라 150일 simulation 기간내에 이러한 형태는 사라졌다. 성장하는 동안 단백질 회전의 두요소가 항상 병행하여 증가하였다 단백질 합성량과 분해량은 서로 병행하여 단백질 질에 따라 차이를 보였는데, 질이 높은 단백질을 섭취하였을 때 단백질 축적의 증가는 높은 단백질 합성량과 분해량에 의해 일어남 을 보여 주었다. 이는 근육단백질의 대사형태(5)를 반영하며, 그리하여 돼지의 총 단백질대사는 근육단백질에 의해 결정됨을 확인해 주었다. 그리고 단백질 질이 낮을 경우 매일의 단백질 대사율과 성장률이 저하할 뿐 아니라 성장지연도 일어남을 보여 주었다 본 연구에서 추정된 필수아미노산의 총 필요량은 28.1g이며, 일반적으로 돼지 사료의 제1 제한 아미노산인 lysine의 필요량은 4.2g이다. 이러한 아미노산 필요량은 NRC에서 권장하는 균형잡힌 아미노산 조성과 유사하다. 이와 같이 본 연구는 동위원소를 사용한 실험을 시행할 필요없이 simulation을 통해 다양한 질의 사료단백질에 따른 단백질 축적량에 대한 자료만으로 성장기의 단백질 회전률과 단백질대사의 동적행위를 나타내어 식이의 단백질 질의 변화에 적응하는 기전을 나타낼 수 있음을 보여주었다.

Keywords

References

  1. J. Nutr. v.102 Efficiency of utilization of indispensable amino acids for growth by the rat Aguilar, T. S.;Harper, A. E.;Benevenga, N. J.
  2. Physiol. Rev. v.50 Effects of ingestion of disproportionate amounts of amino acids Harper, A. E.;Benevenga, N. J.;Wohlhuetter, R. M.
  3. 영양학 김숙희;유춘희;강명희;김선희;김경자;이종미;이현옥
  4. Brit. J. Nutr. v.45 The effect of amino acid imbalance on nitrogen retention(biological value) in rats Eggum, B. O.;Bach, K. U.;Knudsen, U.;Jacobson, I.
  5. Protein turnover in mammalian tissues and in the whole body Waterlow, J. C.;Garlic, P. J.;Millward, D. J.
  6. Wahl der Nahrungsprotein, Grundlagen und Diatetik Some aspects of in vivo human protein and amino acid metabolism with particular reference to nutritional modulation Young, V. R.;Fugawa, N.;Bier, D. M.;Matthews, D.;Barth, C. A.(Hrsg.);Frust, P.(Hrsg.)
  7. J. Clin. Invest. v.77 Lysine and protein metabolism in young women subdivision based on the model-use of multiple stable labels Irving, C. S.;Thomas, M. R.;Malphus, E. W.;Marks, L.;Wong, W. W.;Bouuton, T. W.;Klein, P. O.
  8. Clin. Sci. v.33 Lysine turnover in man measured by intravenous infusion of L-[U-14C] lysine Waterlow, J. C.
  9. The mathematical modeling of metabolic and endocrine systems-model formation, identification and validation Carson, E. R.;Cobelli, C.;Finkelstein, L.
  10. Dissertation, Hohenheim Universitaet Wachstumsdynamik des Schweines in Abhaengigkeit von der Aminosaurenzusammensetyung im Futter Lie, O. H.
  11. Protein metabolism and nutrition v.16 The product of amino acid functions(PAF) as a measure of protein quality for pigs Menke, K. H.;Gruber, F.;Gaus, G.;Pion, R.(ed.);Arnal, M. B.(ed.)
  12. The nutrient requirement of pigs ARC;Agricultural research council(ed.)
  13. Wiss. Z. Univ. Rostock v.22 Die dynamik des aminosaurenstoffwechsels monogastrischer tierarten unter verschiedenen leistungsbedingen Wiesmuller, W.
  14. Ubers. Tierernahrg. v.5 Derproteinansatz beim Schwein und seine beeinflussung durch exogene und endoge faktoren Berschauer, F.
  15. Numerical initial value problems in ordinary differential equations Gear, C. W.
  16. Brit. J. Nutr. v.31 Dietary amino acids : effect of depletion and recovery on protein synthesis in vitro in rat skeletal muscle and liver Omstedt, P. T.;Von der Decken, A.
  17. Brit. Poul. Sci. v.28 Influence of dietary protein intake on whole-body protein turnover in chicks Muramatsu, T. K.;Kita, A.;Tasaki, A.;Okumura, J.
  18. Brit. J. Nutr. v.46 Characterstics of skeletal muscle growth and protein turnover in a fast growing rat strain Bates, P. C.;Millward, D. J.
  19. J. Nutr. v.115 Skeletal muscle protein turnover in young male pigs Mulvaney, D. R.;Merkel, R. A.;Bergen, W. G.
  20. J. Biol. Chem. v.257 The role of amino acids in the regulation of protein synthesis in perfused rat liver. 1. Reduction in rates of synthesis resulting from amino acid deprivation and recovery during flow through perfusion Flaim, K. E.;Peavy, D. E.;Everson, W. V.;Jefferson, L. S.
  21. Arch. Tierernahrg. v.39 N-Stoffwechsel und seine Regelmechanismen Bergner, H.
  22. J. Nutr. v.110 Effect of dietary proteins and amino acid deficiency on urinary excretion of nitrogen and the urea synthesizing system in rats Hayase, K.;Yokogoshi, H.;Yoshida, A.
  23. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. v.42 The need for indiepensable amino acids and the metabolic basis for their requirements Millwards, D. J.;Rivers, J. P. W.
  24. Arch. Tierernahrg. v.27 Die Verwertung der Futterenergie durch wachsende Schweine. 2. Mitteilung: Energie und Stickstoffansatz in Mastabschnitt 30125Kg Jentsch, W.;Hoffman, L.
  25. Arch. Tierernahrg. v.10 Studies on nitrogen retention in growing pigs Thorbek, G. S.;Henkel, A.;Chwalibog, A.;Eggum, B. C.
  26. Nutr. Rep. Int. v.15 The effect of lysine and tryptophan supplementation of corn diets for growing finishing pigs Ilori, J. O.;Conrad, J. H.
  27. Brit. J. Nutr. v.58 Effects of the amount and quality of dietary protein on nitrogen metabolism and protein turnover of pigs Fuller, M. R.;Reeds, P. J.;Cadenhead, A.;Seve, B.;Preston, T.
  28. Brit. J. Nutr. v.43 Protein turnover in growing pigs. Effect of age and food intake Reeds, P. J.;Cadenhead, A.;Fuller, M. F.;Lobley, G. E.;Mcdonald, J. D.
  29. National research council(9th ed.) Nutrient requirement of swine NRC
  30. Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernahrg. Futtermittelkde. v.61 Aminosaurenzusammensetzung und-retention in Ganzkorper, Muskelpartien, Innerreien und Blut bei 60kg schweren Mastschweinen beiderlei. Geschlects Kirchgessner, M.;Kreuzer, K.;Roth, F. X.
  31. Brit. J. Nutr. v.62 The optimum dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs. 2. Requirements for maintenance and for tissue protein accretion Fuller, M. F.;Mcwilliam, F. R.;Wang, T. C.;Giles, L. R.
  32. Tierernahrg Futtermittelkde. v.9 Aminosaurenansatz bei Ferkeln in Abhaengigkeit von der Ernahrung Wunsche, J.;Meinl, M.;Kreienbring, F.;Bock, H. D.
  33. 5th Int. Symp. Amino acids Aminosaurenansatz in verschiedenen Organen und im Gesamtkorper wachsender Schweine sowie Ableitungen zum Aminosaurenbedarf Oslage, H. J.;Schulz, E.
  34. Pig. News. Informat. v.1 The amino acid requirements of pig. the concept of an ideal protein Cole, D. J. A.
  35. Nitrogen metabolism in man Free amino acid pools and their regulation Waterlow, J. C.;Fern, F. B.;Waterlow, J. C.(ed.);Stephen, J. M. C.(ed.)