Composition of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Cultivars from Korea

한국산 메밀의 성분

To clarify the values and varieties of the buckwheats as a dietary source of nutritional and functional components, thirteen different samples of buckwheat were analyzed for this investigation. Six developed seeds were given by RDA, Korea or RDA branch of Kangwondo, and seven land race seeds were collected from a farmhouse. Amino acid analysis showed that glutamate, arginine and asparagine were major amino acids, whereas tryptophan, methionine and cysteine were minor ones of buckwheat. In addition, tryptophan content of buckwheat cultivars from Korea was 195 mg% on average. The content of rutin tended to be higher in developed cultivars than land races. On the other hand, the contents of phytic acid in buckwheats were in the range of 7.0 to 13.6 mg/g. In the tocopherol homologues of the buckwheats analyzed by HPLC, mean ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ contents were 6.16 mg/100 g with the actual range of $4.67{\sim}8.58\;mg/100g$, whereas ${\beta}-form$ was very low or zero. There were a big variations in the iron content of the buckwheats of the minerals. SDS-PAGE showed that total proteins from buckwheats exhibited a relatively similar electrophoretic patterns on the whole. The results show that CV Suwon 1 has good quality, judged from the distribution of the components of buckwheats analyzed.

메밀의 품종간 성분함량의 차이를 규명하기 위하여 13 종(개량종, 6종; 재래종, 7종)의 메밀을 수집하여 분석하였다. 메밀의 주요아미노산은 glutamate, arginine, asparagine이였으며, 이에 비하여 tryptophan, cysteine, methionine은 낮은 함량을 보였다. 메밀의 아미노산 조성중 tryptophan 함량은 195 mg%였다. Rutin 함량은 개량품종에서 높았으며, quercetin의 함량은 낮았다. Phytic acid 함량은 $7.0{\sim}13.6\;mg/g$수준이었으며, ascorbic acid의 평균함량은 5.4 mg%이었다. 메밀중 함유된 tocopherol의 평균함량은 6.84 mg%이었으며, 이중 ${\gamma}$-형(6.16 mg%)이 주요한 동족체로 존재한 반면, ${\beta}$-형은 없거나 매우 낮았다. 여러 미량원소중에서 특히 철은 품종간 커다란 함량차이를 나타내었다. 메밀 총단백질을 분석한 SDS-PAGE 전기영동은 메밀품종간 유사한 단백질패턴을 보여주었다. 결과적으로 분석한 13개의 시료중 품질면에서 수원 1호가 우수한 품종임을 보여주고 있다.