Effect of the Extraction Conditions on the Quality Improvement of Mussel Extracts

추출조건이 홍합 추출물의 품질에 미치는 영향

  • An, Kyung-Hee (Department of Human Life Science, Sejong University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Gun (Department of Human Life Science, Sejong University) ;
  • Ko, Soon-Nam (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University) ;
  • Kim, Woo-Jung (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University)
  • Published : 1999.08.31

Abstract

Several extraction conditions of mussel were investigated for preparation of the extract as a natural shellfish seasoning. The conditions studied were extraction temperature and time, addition of sodium phosphates and citrate and hydrolysis with commercial proteolytic enzymes. The extracts were prepared by deshelling, grinding and aqueous extraction followed by centrifugation and filtration. Extraction at $90^{\circ}C$ for 40min showed the highest solids yield with less fishy and high umami taste. Among the several phosphates and citrate added, $Na_{3}PO_{4}$ and $Na_{4}P_{2}O_{7}$ at 1% level were most effective in terms of the yield and umami taste. The pH effects showed that pH 10 resulted the highest solids yield of 28% with less fishy taste. Even though the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis was not greatly different among the commercial enzymes tested, Protamex and Protease II were somewhat better than other enzymes in taste. When the mussel were extracted by the combined conditions, hydrolysis with Protamex followed by extraction at $90^{\circ}C$ for 40min with addition of $Na_{3}PO_{4}$ at pH 10, the solid yields increased up to 30% which was about 58% improvement and high intensity of umami taste and less fishy flavor.

홍합의 천연조미료의 제조를 위하여 홍합 추출시 추출 온도와 pH, 인산염 및 구연산 염의 첨가 그리고 단백질 효소에 의한 분해 효과를 조사하였다. 홍합 추출액은 홍합을 탈각, 마쇄한 다음 열수 추출한 후 여과하여 제조하였다. 추출 온도$(80{\sim}100^{\circ}C)$와 시간($20{\sim}80$분)을 달리하여 열수 추출한 결과 $90^{\circ}C$에서 40분간 추출한 것이 가장 높은 수율을 보여주었으며 비린맛은 감소하고 감칠맛은 높게 나타났다. 인산염 및 구연산염 첨가의 영향은 1.0% $Na_{3}PO_{4}$, 1.0% $Na_{4}P_{2}O_{7}$를 첨가시킨 것이 수율 향상과 감칠맛에서 가장 좋은 효과를 보였다. pH의 영향은 pH 10으로 조절한 것이 높은 수율과 28%이하의 비린맛 감소를 나타내었다. 단백질 분해 효소의 효과는 사용한 효소간에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 Protamex와 Protease II가 맛에 있어 다른 효소보다 좋은 영향을 보였다. 종합처리의 영향은 선정된 조건들을 모두 처리한 것으로 Protamex로 분해시킨 다음 $Na_{3}PO_{4}$ 1.0%를 첨가한 후 pH 10으로 조절하여 $90^{\circ}C$에서 40분간 추출한 것이 가장 좋았다.

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