Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Microbiological and Sensory Qualities in Processing of Low Salted and Fermented Squid

감마선 이용 저염 오징어젓갈 제조시 미생물적, 관능적 품질변화

The effect of ${\gamma}-irradiation$ was investigated on salted and fermented squid, squid jeotkal. Squid jeotkal was prepared with salt concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20% and was fermented at $15^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ after ${\gamma}-irradiation$ with doses of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 kGy, respectively. Proximate composition, salinity, water activity (Aw), pH, total bacteria and sensory evaluation were examined during fermentation periods. Results showed that ${\gamma}-irradiation$ had no effect on proximate composition, salinity and Aw compared with non-irradiated squid jeotkal. However, pH and total bacteria, as well as sensory evaluation, were changed variously with processing conditions such as NaCl concentration, irradiation dose and fermentation temperature. The results of total bacteria and sensory evaluation showed that squid jeotkal with NaCl concentration of 10% and an irradiation dose of 10 kGy maintained high quality for 30 days at $15^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it was considered that ${\gamma}-irradiation$ was effective in processing low-salted squid jeotkal and extending its shelf-life without adding any food additives.

식품첨가제의 사용없이도 저장성과 향미특성이 우수한 저염 오징어젓갈을 개발하기 위한 방법으로 감마선 조사기술을 이용하였다. 식염농도를 각각 5%, 10%, 20%로 조절한 오징어젓에 감마선을 조사한 후 $15^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$에서 발효시키면서 일반성분, 식염함량, 수분활성도, pH, 총균수 및 관능적 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 감마선 조사직후 또는 발효기간 중 일반성분과 식염함량 및 수분활성은 감마선 조사에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 오징어젓갈의 총균수와 pH는 식염농도와 감마선 조사선량 및 발효온도에 따라 영향을 받았으며, 10%의 식염 첨가와 10 kGy의 감마선 조사를 병용처리한 오징어젓을 $15^{\circ}C$에서 발효시킨 경우 비조사구에 비해 적절한 미생물의 생육 저해로 저장기간 연장 효과를 보였고, 30일까지 관능적 품질이 적합하게 유지되는 것으로 나타났다.