Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
권호 표지

Carnosine and Related Compounds Protect Against HOCI-Induced Damage of Biomolecules

  • Published : 1999.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The antiosidant activity of carnosine and related compounds such as anserine, homo-carnosine, histidine, and $\beta$-alanine which are found in most mammalian tissues, was investigated using hypochlorite (HOCl)-induced oxidant systems. Carnosine and related compounds were protective against HOCl-induced ascorbic acid oxidation, as determined by UV absorbance at 265nm. L-histidine was the most effective among them. The inhibitory effect of these compounds was strongly associated with a decrease in HOCl. It was also found that carnosine and related compounds significantly protected against the HOCl-mediated erythrocyte damage, as determined by hemoglobin release and gemolysis (p<0.05). Carnosine and anserine also inhibited of $\alpha$-antiprotease($\alpha$-AP) by HOCl, thereby inactivating porcine elastase. The inhibitory effect of carnosine on inactivation of $\alpha$-AP by HOCl depended on the concentration of carnosine and on the time preincubated with HOCl. Homocarnosine, histidine, and $\beta$-alanine did not inhibit the reaction. These results indicate that carnosine and related compounds can neutralize or scavenge HOCl. Thus, these compounds may play an important role in protecting against HOCl-mediated damage of biomolecules in vivo.

Keywords

References

  1. World Rev. Nutr. Dietetics Basel, Karger Physiological potential of ascorbic acid, β-carotene and alphatocopherol individually and in combination in the prevention of tissue damage, carchinogenesis and immune dysfunction mediated by phagocytederived reacite oxidants in Aspects of some vitamins, minerals and enzymes in health and disease Anderson, R.;Theron, A.J.;Bourne, G.H.(ed.)
  2. Biochem. J. v.304 L-carnosine (β-alanyl-histamine) acts as natural antioxidants with hydroxyl-radical-scavenging and lipidperoxidase activities Babizhayev, M.A.;Seguin, M.C.;Gueyne, J.;Evstigneeva, R.P.;Ageyeva, E.A.;Zheltukhina, G.A.
  3. FASEB J. v.5 Nucleotide chloramines and neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity Bernfosky, C.
  4. Biochemistry (Moscow) v.60 Effect of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite on the activity of Na,K-ATPase from brain Boldyrev, A.A.;Bulygina, E.R.;Volynskaya, E.A.;Kurella, E.G.;Tyulina, O.V.
  5. J. Theor. Biol. v.88 Interactions among carnosine, anserine, ophidine and copper in biochemical adaptation Brown, C.E.
  6. J. Agric. Food Chem. v.42 EPR spin-trapping studies of the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of carnosine and related dipeptides Chan, W.K.M.;Decker, E.A.;Lee, J.B.;Butterfield, D.A.
  7. Anal. Biochem. v.196 A spectrophotometric assay for chlorine-containing components Chesney, J.A.;Mahoney, J.R.;Eaton, J.W.
  8. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. v.34 Carnosine and related substances in animal tissuesC Crush, K.G.
  9. Vitamin C: its chemistry and biochemistry Davies, M.B.;Austin, J.;Partridge, D.A.
  10. Biokhimiya v.52 Muscle dipeptides: natural inhibitors of lipid peroxidation Dupin, A.M.;Bermanandzara, M.;Stolinski, S.L.;Boldyrev, A.A.;Severin, S.E.
  11. Agents and Actions v.31 The presence and significance of carnosine in histamine-containing tissues of several mammalian species Flancbaum, L.;Fitzpatrick, J.C.;Brotman, D.N.;Marcoux, A.M.;Kasziba, E.;Fisher, H.
  12. Biokhimiya v.57 Characteristics of the chloramine complex of carnosine and hypochlorite Formazyuk, V.E.;Gorshkova, T.Yu.;Boldyrev, A.A.;Sergienko, V.I.
  13. Vitamin C in Vitamin Intake and Health, A Scientific Review Graby, S.K.;Singh, V.N.;Graby, S.K.(et al.)(eds.)
  14. J. Biol. Chem. v.259 Role of monochloramine in the oxidation of erythrocyte hemoglobin by stimulated neutrophils Grisham, M.B.;Jefferson, M.M.;Thomas, E.L.
  15. J. Clin. Invest. v.97 Presence of hypochlorite-mediated proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions Hazell, L.J.;Arnold, L.;Flowers, D.;Waeg, G.;Malle, E.;Stocker, R.
  16. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. v.85 Antioxidant activity of carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine present in muscle and brain Kohen, R.;Yamamoto, Y.;Cundy, K.C.;Ames, B.N.
  17. J. Food Sci. v.62 Antioxidant effects of carnosine on liposomes and beef homogenates Lee, B.J.;Hendricks, D.G.
  18. J. Biol. Chem. v.269 Glutathione-ascorbc acid antioxidant system in animals Meister, A.
  19. Am J. Clin. Nutr. v.54 Action of ascorbic acid as a scavenger of active and stable oxygen radicals Niki, E.
  20. SAS User Guide: Statistics(5th ed.) Cary, NC. SAS Institute, Inc.
  21. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. v.1014 Oxidative damage to human red cells induced by copper and iron complexes in the presence of ascorbate Shinar, E.;Rachmilewitz, E.A.;Shifter, A.;Rahamim, E.;Saltman, P.
  22. Biochem. J. v.243 The antioxidant action of human extracellular fluids. Effect of human serum and its protein components on the inactivation of α-antiproteinase by hypochlorous acid and by hydrogen peroxide Wasil, M.;Halliwell, B.;Hutchison, D.C.S.;Baum, H.
  23. J. Clin. Invest. v.70 Chlorination of taurine by human neutrophils. Evidence for hypochlorous acid generation Weiss, S.J.;Klein, R.;Slivka, A.;Wei, M.
  24. Free Radic. Biol. Med. v.17 The redox couple beteen glutathione and ascorbic acid: A chemical and physilogical perspectives Winkler, B.S.;Orselli, S.M.;Rex, T.X.
  25. Biochim. Biophys. Acta v.235 Chloramines as intermediates of oxidation reaction of amino acids by myeloperoxidase Zgliczynski, J.M.;Stelmasynska, T.;Domanski, J.;Ostrowski, W.