Catalytic Oxidation of Vinyl Chloride on Chromium Oxide Catalysts

크롬 산화물 촉매를 이용한 Vinyl Chloride의 산화 분해반응

  • Received : 1998.07.13
  • Accepted : 1998.10.07
  • Published : 1999.02.10

Abstract

The catalytic oxidation of vinyl chloride was investigated over $CrO_x$ impregnated on $Al_2O_3$ at temperature between 200 and $400^{\circ}C$. The major carbonaceous products were CO and $CO_2$, and the selectivity of $CO_2$ was gradually increased with increasing reaction temperature, while that of CO was dropped consequently. This suggests that CO is the first product which is further oxidized to $CO_2$ in the oxidation of vinyl chloride over $CrO_x/Al_2O_3$. The addition of HCl in the feed didn't affect the conversion of vinyl chloride, but the selectivity of $CO_2$ decreased by adding HCl. It implies that HCl inhibits, the complete oxidation of vinyl chloride to $CO_2$. When oxidizing vinyl chloride in dry air, significant amounts of $Cl_2$ were observed, while no $Cl_2$ was detected in the humid condition. The activities of several catalysts including various precious metals and other transition metal oxides were measured, it was found that the catalytic activity of 12% $CrO_x/Al_2O_3$ was higher than other catalysts except 1% $Pt/Al_2O_3$. The reaction rate of 12% $CrO_x/Al_2O_3$ was 1.2 times lower than that of 1% Pt/alumina, but it was 3 to 8 times more active than other catalysts for vinyl chloride oxidation at $275^{\circ}C$.

알루미나에 담지한 $CrO_x$ 촉매를 이용하여 $200{\sim}400^{\circ}C$의 온도 구간에서 공기 중 vinyl chloride의 산화반응을 조사하였다. 탄소를 포함하는 주생성물은 CO 및 $CO_2$로, 온도의 증가에 따라 $CO_2$의 선택도는 증가하고 CO는 감소하였다. 이로부터 $CrO_x$ 촉매상에서 vinyl chloride는 먼저 CO로 일차산화 후 다시 $CO_2$로 완전산화됨을 알 수 있었다. 반응물에 HCl을 첨가하였을 때 vinyl chloride의 전환율은 변화가 없었으나 $CO_2$의 선택도는 감소하였는데 이는 주반응생성물인 HCl이 vinyl chloride의 $CO_2$로 완전산화를 방해함을 의미한다. 반응물에 물이 없는 조건하에서 vinyl chloride를 산화시킬 때 상당량의 $Cl_2$가 생성되었으나 물을 첨가 시 $Cl_2$는 검출되지 않았다. Vinyl chloride의 촉매산화반응에 대한 $CrO_x$ 담지촉매와 몇가지 귀금속 및 다른 전이 금속 산화물의 활성을 비교하였는데 $CrO_x$ 담지촉매의 vinyl chloride 분해활성은 1% Pt 담지촉매를 제외한 다른 촉매에 비해 높았으며, $275^{\circ}C$에서 12% $CrO_x/Al_2O_3$의 반응속도를 기준으로 각 촉매의 활성을 비교시 1% $Pt/Al_2O_3$ 보다 1.2배정도 활성이 떨어지나 다른 촉매에 비하여 각각 3배에서 8배 가량 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Chem. Eng. Prog. v.90 no.7 W. A. Shirley
  2. Hazardous air pollutants :assessment, liabilities and regulatory compliance J. W. Bradstreet
  3. Handbook of air pollution control engineering and technology J. C. Mycock;J. D. McKenna;L. Theodore
  4. Chem. Eng. Prog. E. C. Moretti;N. Mukhopadhyay
  5. Chem. Eng. Prog. E. N. Ruddy;L. A. Carroll
  6. Chem. Eng. Prog. W. Chu;H. Windawi
  7. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. v.26 J. J. Spivey
  8. Platinum Metals Rev. v.37 no.4 H. Windawi;M. Wyatt
  9. J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol. v.25 G. C. Bond;N. Sadeghi
  10. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. v.32 J. A. Rossin;M. M. Farris
  11. Catalysis Today v.30 B. Chen;C. Bai;R. Cook
  12. Catalysis Today v.11 B. Mendyka;A. M. Piotrowska;K. Syczewska
  13. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. v.33 D. M. Papenmeier;J. A. Rossin
  14. Catalysis Today v.11 J. J. Spivey;J. B. Butt
  15. Catalysis Today v.30 H. Windawi;Z. C. Zhang
  16. Combust Sci. and Tech. v.47 J. Weldon;S. M. Senkan
  17. Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. v.13 no.3 J. K. Musick;F. W. Williams
  18. J. Am. Chem. Soc. v.115 S. C. Petrosius;R. S. Drago;V. Young;G. C. Grunewald
  19. Hazardous Waste v.1 no.1 M. P. Manning
  20. Applied Catalisys B: Environ v.8 R. M. Lago;M. L. H. Green;S. C. Tsang;M. Odlyha
  21. Environ. Sci. Technol. v.22 P. Subbanna;H. Greene;F. Desal
  22. Combust. Sci. & Tech. v.63 K. Ramanathan;J. J. Spivey
  23. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. v.28 S. Immamura;H. Tarumoto;S. Ishida
  24. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. v.30 S. Imamura;K. I. Imakubo;S. Furuyoshi
  25. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental v.7 H. L. Greene;D. S. Prakash;K. V. Athota
  26. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental v.9 X. Z. Jiang;L. Q. Zhang;X. H. Wu;L. Zheng
  27. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental v.8 Z. Konya;I. Hannus;I. Kiricsi
  28. Applied Catalysis A: General v.98 S. Chatterjee;H. L. Greene
  29. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental v.8 B. Ramachandran;H. L. Greene
  30. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental v.2 H. G. Stenger, Jr.;G. E. Buzan
  31. J. of Korean Ind. & Eng. Chemistry v.9 H. W. Lee;Y. C. Kim;S. K. Moon
  32. J. Catal. v.59 C. Groenveld;P. P. M. Wittgen
  33. Catalysis Today v.27 S. Vigneron;P. Deprelle;J. Hermia
  34. J. Catal. v.163 P. Lasson;A. Anderson
  35. M. S. Thesis, MIT R. Michalowicz