On the Spatio-temporal Distributions of Nutrients and Chlorophyll a Concentration, and the Environmental Factors on the Variation of Phytoplankton Biomass in the Shiahae, Southwestern Part of Korean Peninsula

시아해의 수질환경과 식물플랑크톤 생물량의 시ㆍ공간적 분포특성과 기초생물량변동에 영향을 미치는 환경특성

  • 윤양호 (여수대학교 해양시스템학부)
  • Published : 2000.03.01

Abstract

Field survey on the spatio-temporal distribution of water quality and chlorophyll a concentration, and the environmental factors on the variation of phytoplankton biomass were carried out at the 23 stations for four seasons in the Shiahae, southwestern coast of Korean Peninsula from February to October in 1995. I made an analysis on biological factor as chlorophyll a concentration as well as environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity and nutrients; ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, N/P ratio, silicate and Si/P ratio. The waters in the Shiahae were not stratified due to the tidal mixing and high velocity of tidal current. And the high productivity in photic layer were supported by high nutrients concentration from freshwater on lands and bottom waters The low depth of transparency in the Shiahae had a bad influence upon primary production and marine biology. In Shiahae had a sufficient nutrients for primary production during a year. Especially dissolved inorganic nitrogen and silicate were high, the other side, phosphate was low. The source of nutrients in summer and silicate supply depend on input of freshwater from lands, the other side, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate were depend on rather supplied from bottom layer by the mixing and input of seawater from outside than input of freshwater from lands. Phosphate seemed to become a limiting nutrient for the primary production at all area of Shiahae in winter and at the northern parts in other seasons. However, dissolved inorganic nitrogen seemed to do it at the southern parts in other seasons except winter. Silicate didn't become a limiting nutrient for diatoms in Shiahae. Phytoplankton biomass as measured by chlorophyll a concentration was very high all the year round, it was controlled by the combination of the several environmental factors, especially of nitrogen, phosphorus and the physical factors such as light intensity. [Spatio-temporal distribution, Seasonal fluctuation, Nnutrients, Chlorophyll a, Environmental factors, Nutrient source, Limiting Nutrient, Light, Shiahae] .

시아해의 수질환경과 식물플랑크톤 생물량의 계절변동 특성 및 식물플랑크톤 생물량변동에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 파악하기 위해 1995년 2월,4월,7월과 10월 4회에 걸쳐 계절별로 23개 관측점의 표층과 저층 해수를 대상으로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 결과, 시아해는 2월에 최저수온, 8월에 최고 수온을 나타내나, 염분은 6, 7월에 높고 겨울에 낮은 특성을 나타내었으며, 연중 빠른 유속과 조석혼합 등으로 수층 간 혼합된 양상과 매우 낮은 투명도를 나타내고 있었다. 영양염류 중 질소는 여름을 제외하고는 비교적 높은 값을 나타내며, 인은 연중 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍat./l내외의 값을 보이고 있는 반면, 규소는 봄철 규조류 대발생시를 제외하고는 연중 높은 농도를 유지하고 있었다. Chl-a는 연중 2$\mu\textrm{g}$/l 이상의 높은 값을 나타내고 있으며, 특히 규조류의 대발생이 보여지는 봄철에 높은 값을 나타내었다. 다만, 연중 높은 생물량은 생물의 성장과 활성에 의하기보다는 조석혼합 등에 의해 해저표층퇴적물에 침강된 표영생태계 중의 생물량 상당부분이 수중으로 재 부유한 결과로 보여져, 높은 부유물질 등 제한된 광 조건으로 시아해 식물플랑크톤 생물활성은 그다지 높지 않을 것으로 추정되었다. 기초생산을 제한하는 영양염은 시아해 북쪽해역에서는 인에 의해, 남쪽해역에서는 질소에 의해 지배되고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 겨울철은 인의 존재량에 비해 질소가 과잉으로 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 규소는 봄철 규조의 대발생시를 제외하고는 식물플랑크톤 군집에 크게 영향을 주지 앓는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 영양염류 중 규소는 담수 등 복잡한 주변 수괴의 유입에 의존하는 비율이 높고, 질소는 여름에는 담수 유입에 의존하나 시기에 따라서는 저층 해수의 공급에 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 인은 담수유입에 의한 부분보다 저층 해수 및 주변 수괴로부터 유입하는 비율이 높은 것으로 판단되었다. 시아해의 식물플랑크톤에 영향을 미치는 환경요인은 시간과 공간에 따라 다르게 나타나고 있으며, 여름철 극심한 질소의 부족이나 봄철 규조 대발생시의 규산염 고갈 등을 제외하면 영양염류보다도 높은 부유물질, 즉 광량 등 물리학적 요인에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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