Assessment of an Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) using Fish Assemblages in Keum-Ho River, Korea

어류군집을 이용한 금호강의 생물보전지수 (Index of Biological Integrity, IBI) 평가

  • 염동혁 (한국화학연구소 환경독성연구팀) ;
  • 안광국 (한국화학연구소 환경독성연구팀) ;
  • 홍영표 (국립중앙과학관 자연사연구실) ;
  • 이성규 (한국화학연구소 환경독성연구팀)
  • Published : 2000.06.01

Abstract

We evaluated the aquatic ecosystem of Keum-Ho River through applications of the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) during June-November 1999. Overall IBI values ranged from 13 to 37 with mean of 23 (n=25, Std. error= 1.16), indicating a "Poor" or "Very Poor" condition according to the criteria of Karr (1981) and U.S. EPA (1993). The values of mean IBI declined at the rate of $0.22km^{-1}$(($r^2$=0.91, p< 0.05) along the longitudinal distance from the headwaters to the down-river. Reduced IBI values at down-river (St. 4 and 5) were attributed to the decreases in riffle benthic species and the relative abundance of insectivore and increases in tolerant species, anormalies and exotic species. Spatial pattern in IBI agreed with QHEI values, which showed a linear relation ($r^2$=0.998, p< 0.001) with mean number of species. Field measurements of conductivity and pH, indicators for variation of conservative ions, showed that the river water was diluted up to 30% by summer precipitation and surface run-off from the watershed, resulting in physical and chemical instability during the monsoon. For these reasons, average IBI values during monsoon and postmonsoon decreased more than 20% compared to pre -monsoon. Before the perturbation of the system (i.e., pre-monsoon), values of QHEI were inversely correlated (r=-0.99, p< 0.0001) with realtive abundance of native omnivore and were positively correlated (r=0.87, p=0.05) with relative abundance of native carnivore. These results indicate that spatial degradation of habitat quality modified the species richness and trophic structure, producing decreased IBI values. (Biological integrity, IBI, Monsoon, Habitat, River, Korea)bitat, River, Korea)

어류군집을 이용한 생물보전지수(Index of Biological Integrity, IBI)와 서식지 평가지수 (qoalitativeHabitatEvaluationlndex, QHEI)를 적용하여 금호강의 수서 생태계를 평가하였다. 총체적으로 금호강의 IBI값은 13-37 범위에 있었으며, 연 평균값은 23(n=25, Std. error=1.16)으로서 Karr(1981) 와 U.S. EPA (1993) 기준에 따르면 "Poor" 또는 "Very Poor" 상태로 판명되었다. 평균 IBI값은 하천의 고도구배를 따라서 $0.22km^{-1}$($r^2$=0.91, p<0.05)로 감소하였다. 하류지역의 IBI값의 감소는 여울저서성 어류 및 식충성 어류의 감소와 함께 내성종, 비정상 어류 및 외래 어류의 증가 때문으로 판명되었다. IBI값의 공간적 양상은 평균 어종 수와 1차 함수관계 ($r^2$=0.998, p< 0.001)를 보인 QHEI와 동일한 양상을 보였다. 수 환경내 conservative ion변화의 척도로서 측정된 전기전도도와 pH값에 따르면, 금호강은 여름동안의 장마 및 수계로부터 표층수 유입으로 인해 30%까지 희석되었으며, 이런 결과는 장마기간 동안 강물의 물리적, 화학적 불안정성을 제시하였으며, 장마기간 및 장마 후의 IBI값을 비교해 보면 장마 전에 비해 20%이상 감소하였다. 총체적으로 하천의 물리적 교란 전(장마 전), 서식지 평가지수는 잡식성 어종의 상대 풍부도와 역상관관계(r=0.99, p<0.0001)를 보인 반면에 육식성 어종과는 정상관관계(r=0.87, p=0.05)를 보였다. 결론적으로 서식지의 공간적 질적 저하는 영양구조 체제에 변경을 초래하였고, 이런 기능적 변화는 결국 IBI값의 감소를 초래하였다.

Keywords

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