Trace Metals (Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb) in the Shell of the Marine Gastropod, Littorina brevicula on Coastal Area, Korea

전국 연안의 총알고둥(Littorina brevicula: Gastropod) 패각 중 금속 원소(Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb)의 분포 특성

  • 임채열 (기초과학지원연구소 동위원소분석팀) ;
  • 강성길 (서울대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 이창복 (서울대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 고철환 (서울대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 최만식 (기초과학지원연구소 동위원소분석팀)
  • Published : 2000.05.31

Abstract

Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb in shells of Littorina brevicula, which lives ubiquitously in intertidal zone around the Korean coast, were analyzed to determine the relationship between metal levels in its shell, ambient seawater and its tissue. Periwinkles and seawater samples were collected from 38 sites along the Korean coast in January 1997. Mn contents in shells of this organism show the range of 7.0 ${\mu}g$/g-211 ${\mu}g$/g (mean 59 ${\mu}g$/g) and are the lowest in northern east coast but high in western south and west coast. Close relationship between Mn contents in shells and metal levels both in seawater and in tissues indicates that Mn in shell might be incorporated from ambient seawater by a biological process. Although the contents of Cd in shells did not reflect the distribution of total Cd in seawaters and they were very low compared to those in tissues, they followed spatial gradient of contents in tissues. However, the spatial distribution of Zn contents in shells accords neither ambient seawater nor tissues, while it is negatively correlated with the contents of Na in shells. This fact suggests that Zn contents might be controlled by salinity of ambient seawater. On the contrary, Zn contents in highly polluted sites near Onsan Bay show generally higher levels than other sites. The contents of Pb show the range of 0.1 ${\mu}g$/g-17.5 ${\mu}g$/g (mean 1.01 ${\mu}g$/g) and the highest in sites near Onsan Bay. Although the spatial distribution of shell Pb does not follow those of tissue, Pb in shells of Littorina brevicula may be controlled both by shell secretion process and by Pb levels in ambient seawater because the contents of Pb in the shell decrease steadily with growth and vary with levels of Pb in ambient seawater.

한반도 연안 조간대에서 광범위하게 서식하는 총알고둥(Littorina brevicula)의 패각 중 미량 금속의 지역적인 분포 특성과 주변 해수 및 육질부와의 연관성을 파악하기 위해 1997년 1월에 전국 연안 38개 정점을 대상으로 총알고둥 및 해수를 채취하여 Mn, Zn, Cd 및 Pb를 분석하였다. 패각 중 Mn 함량은 7.0 ${\mu}g$/g${\sim}$211 ${\mu}g$/g(평균 59 ${\mu}g$/g) 범위로써, 동해 북부에서 가장 낮고 남해 서부 및 서해역에서 높았다. 패각 중 Mn은 해수 중 총 Mn농도 및 육질부 중 Mn 함량과 밀접한 관련성을 갖고 있어 생물 활동에 의해 조절되며 주변 환경의 Mn 수준을 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 패각 중 Zn 함량은 0.1 ${\mu}g$/g${\sim}$1.9${\mu}g$/g(평균 0.9 ${\mu}g$/g) 범위로써, 온산만 지역을 제외하고는 해수 및 육질부 중금속과 관련성이 적고 패각 중 Na함량과 역의 상관성을 보이므로 패각 중 Zn함량은 생물 활동이 아니라 주변 해수의 염분에 의해 조절되는 것으로 해석되었다. Cd 함량은 0.007${\mu}g$/g${\sim}$0.114 ${\mu}g$/g(평균 0.02${\mu}g$/g) 범위로써, 동해 남부 및 서해 연안에서 높고 동해 북부와 남해 연안에서 낮았다. 패각 중 Cd함량은 온산만 지역을 제외하고 해수 중 Cd농도 분포를 반영하지 않았으나, 육질부의 분포와 유사하여 생물 활동에 의해 조절되는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. Pb 함량은 0.1 ${\mu}g$/g${\sim}$17.5 ${\mu}g$/g(평균 1.01 ${\mu}g$/g) 범위로써 울산-온산 해역에서 특히 높은 함량을 보였다. 생체 내의 Pb 함량과는 관련성이 적었으나 해수 중 Pb 농도 분포를 반영하였다. 또한 Pb는 같은 지역에서 연령이 오래될 수록 함량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내므로 패각 중 Pb 함량은 패각의 성장률 변화 및 주변 해수의 Pb농도 수준에 의해 조절되는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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