Characteristics of Sintered Bodies Made from the System of Paper Sludge Ash - Fly Ash - Clay

종이재-석탄회-점토계 소지를 이용한 소결체의 특성 연구

Paper sludge Ash (PA) and Fly Ash (FA) wastes are usually land-filled for reclamation or substituted for cements as a resource. It could also offer some advantages when they are substituted for clay to preserve the environment. To recycle those wastes, the sintered specimen made of PA-FA-Clay system were examined to find the microstructure and physical properties. The ratio of clay to wastes was fixed as 30:70 by wt%, while PA to FA within waste portion were varied in the range of $1:6{\sim}7:0$. Those specimens were fired in $1150{\sim}1350^{\circ}C$. It was found that the relative density of sintered specimen was increased with amount of PA added at low sintering temperature (i.e, $1150{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$). This is due to increased amount of liquid during sintering. It is shown, however that at high sintering temperature ($1250{\sim}1350^{\circ}C$), the relative density of specimens was decreased with amount of PA added. This is because of overfiring phenomenon which may be able to induce an inhomogeneous microstructure and increased porosity. The mechanical properties of sintered specimen were depended upon the homogeneity of microstructure in accordance with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and pore size distribution analysis. For example, the compressive strength of 10PA-60FA-30Clay specimen sintered at $1225^{\circ}C$ was twice higher than that of 70PA-30Clay specimen even thought the relative density of those specimen was similar. This decreased strength of 70PA-30Clay specimen appears to be an inhomogeneity of microstructure due to overfiring.

종이재(PA)와 대부분의 석탄회(FA)는 현재 매립에 의존하거나, 일부 시멘트의 대체재로 밖에 쓰이지 않는 폐기물로써, 이들을 자원으로 재활용한다면 환경을 보전할 뿐만 아니라 유용한 대체자원이 될 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 점토를 30 wt%로 고정하고 폐기물의 양을 70 wt%로 하되, 폐기물내의 PA 대 FA의 비율은 $1:6{\sim}7:0$, 소결 온도는 $1150{\sim}1350^{\circ}C$ 범위내에서 변화시켜 제조된 소결체의 미세구조 및 물성을 분석하였다. 저온($1150{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$) 소결시에는 PA 첨가량이 증가할수록, 소결밀도가 증가한 반면, 높은 온도($1250{\sim}1350^{\circ}C$)에서 소결한 경우, PA첨가량이 증가할수록 과소결 현상이 발생하였고, 이로인해 미세구조가 불균일해지고 기공율이 증가되었다. 또한 시편의 기계적 특성은 미세구조의 균일성에 크게 좌우되었다. 예를들어 $1225^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 경우, 미세구조가 균일한 시편(10PA-60FA-30Clay)은 미세구조가 불균일한 시편(70PA-30Clay)에 비해 상대밀도값은 비슷하였으나 압축강도는 2배이상 높았다. 미세구조의 불균일성은 과소결에 인한 것으로 나타났다.