Effects of Pasteurization and Frozen Storage on Changes in Quality Characteristics of 10% Salted Egg Yolk

저온살균 및 냉동저장이 10% 가염난황의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Jae-Wook (Department of Hotel Culinary Arts and Bakery, College of Kyongnam Provincial Namhae) ;
  • Choi, Chun-Un (Ottogi Corporation)
  • 김재욱 (남해전문대학 호텔조리제빵과) ;
  • 최춘언 (주식회사 오뚜기)
  • Published : 2002.06.01

Abstract

To obtain the basic data for commercial 10% salted egg yolk for mayonnaise preparation, 3 types of egg yolks [pasteurized egg yolk (Yolk A)-not salted, pasteurized before salting (Yolk B)-salted, and pasteurized after salting (Yolk C)-salted] were prepared, and the changes in quality characteristics of these egg yolks with frozen storage were tested. The results obtained were as follows; Yolk A gelatinized during frozen storage, thus could not used for mayonnaise preparation. The viscosity of the egg yolk increased $3{\sim}5$ times after salting. Viscosity of the salted egg yolk increased with frozen storage time. Viscosity of Yolk B was higher at $-20^{\circ}C$ than $-15^{\circ}C$. Viscosity of Yolk C, however, was higher at $-15^{\circ}C$ than $-20^{\circ}C$. Frozen storage of pasteurized salted egg yolk showed some effects on the emulsification capacity. The effect, however, was smaller than that of unpasteurized salted egg yolk. Microbes of salted egg yolk were decreased with frozen storage, but there was no difference between Yolk B and Yolk C. It was suggested that commercially pasteurized 10% salted egg yolk for mayonnaise preparation can be successfully stored for 12 months at the temperature of $-15{\sim}-20^{\circ}C$.

마요네즈 원료용의 상업적인 가염난황에 대한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 3종류의 난황 즉, 살균 난황-미가염(Yolk A), $61.5^{\circ}C$ 3.5분간 살균한 후에 10%(w/w) 가염한 난황(Yolk B), 10%(w/w) 가염한 후에 $63.5^{\circ}C$ 3.5분간 살균난황(Yolk C)을 각각 제조하여 1년간 $-15^{\circ}C$$-20^{\circ}C$의 냉동고 내에 저장하면서, 이들의 품질특성에 대해 조사하였다. 미가염 살균 난황(Yolk A)은 냉동저장에 의해 겔화되어 마요네즈의 원료로서 사용할 수 없었다. 가염에 의해 난황의 점도는 $3{\sim}5$배 정도 증가하였다. 가염전 살균한 난황(Yolk B)의 점도는 가염후 살균한 난황(Yolk C)의 점도에 비해 높았다. 가염전 살균한 난황의 경우, $-15^{\circ}C$보다 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 것이 점도 증가가 컸으며, 가염후 살균한 난황의 경우에는 그 반대였다. 두 종류의 난황 모두, 냉동기간이 길어짐에 따라 해동후의 점도가 증가하였다. 난황의 유화력은 난황의 냉동저장 기간의 장단과, 냉동저장 온동 $-15^{\circ}C$$-20^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 냉동저장 기간중 미생물의 수는 감소하였으며, 가염전 살균한 난황과 가염후 살균한 난황 사이에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과는 상업적으로 살균된 10% 가염난황은 $-15{\sim}-20^{\circ}C$에서 1년 동안 안정하게 저장할 수 있으며, 난황의 살균 조건, 냉동저장 조건의 조절에 의해 바람직한 품질특성을 갖는 마요네즈용 가염 냉동난황의 제조가능성을 제시하였다.지 않던 청태는 $55^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 열처리하였을 때 약한 활성을 나타내었으며, $100^{\circ}C$로 처리시 실활되었다. 거두와 서리태, 선비콩, 황태, 강남콩은 $55^{\circ}C$에서 30분 및 $100^{\circ}C$에서 10분의 열처리로 활성이 점차 증가하였으나 $100^{\circ}C$에서 30분 처리시 활성을 대부분 혹은 완전 상실하였다. 울타리콩의 혈전용해활성은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 가열시에도 높은 비활성도를 유지하여 내열성이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 의한 정제로도 불순 peak가 많았으나 정량에 방해되는 불순 peak는 없었다. A.O.A.C.방법에서 pyridoxamine과 thiamin정량에서 불순 peak로 인하여 정확한 정량이 불가능하였다. 비타민 $B_6$의 경우 돼지고기와 달리 문헌에 나타난 값들과 비슷한 결과를 얻었는데 이는 단백질 함량이 낮은 관계로 판단된다. 비타민 강화 감자에서 강화 비타민의 회수 율도 돼지고기와 마찬가지로 상당히 정확하였고 A.O.A.C.법보다 높게나왔다.여한 흰쥐의 체중증가량과 사료 섭취 효율을 50 ppm의 카드뮴만을 급여한 흰쥐의 이들 측정값과 비교할 때 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 50 ppm의 카드뮴액과 함께 3% 갈근 추출액을 급여한 흰쥐군은 50 ppm의 카드뮴액만을 급여한 흰쥐군과 비교하여 신장내 카드뮴 함량과 GPT 및 LDH 활성도, renin 활성도가 유의적으로 감소되었고 신장 무게는 정상 흰쥐와 같은 수준으로 회복하였고 GOT 활성도 역시 정상 흰쥐와 같은 수준으로 감소를 보여 갈근이 카드뮴 중독 흰쥐에서 신장 등의 장기내 카드뮴 축적의 감소로 카드뮴 중독 작용의 경감 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.실이나 최근 세계화는 곧 우리의

Keywords

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