Characteristics of Quality and Volatile Flavor Compounds in Raw and Frozen Pine-mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake)

생송이 버섯과 냉동송이 버섯의 품질 및 향기 성분 특성

  • Published : 2002.08.01

Abstract

Raw pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) of four grades and those frozen were analyzed for proximate composition, smell pattern, volatile flavor compounds, and sensory evaluation. Proximate compositions of raw pine-mushrooms (A-C, regular grade) were $89.48{\sim}90.77%$ moisture, 6.81% ash excluding D (below regular grade) sample, $2.24{\sim}2.52%$ crude lipid, and $16.19{\sim}20.01%$ crude protein. Proximate compositions of frozen pine-mushrooms preserved for 6 months at -20 and $-70^{\circ}C$ showed no difference compared with raw pine-mushrooms. Results of smell pattern and multidimensional analysis revealed raw pine-mushrooms showed no differences among samples, but frozen pine-mushrooms differed significantly depending on the grade. Volatile flavor compounds of pine-mushrooms were analyzed using a purge and trap method with GC/MSD. Twenty-nine volatile compounds were identified, among which alcohols such as 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 3-methyl-butanol, and n-octanol were commonly found in all pine-mushroom samples. In sensory attributes, raw pine-mushrooms were not significantly different at 5% level, and sample D of frozen pine-mushrooms scored lower than samples $A{\sim}C$.

등급별 송이 버섯과 $-20^{\circ}C$$-70^{\circ}C$에서 급속냉동한 후 저장한 송이버섯의 일반성분과 AromaScan 및 GC/MSD에 의한 향기 특성을 비교 조사하였다. 일반성분의 경우 냉동하지 않은 송이 버섯은 수분 함량 $89.48{\sim}90.77%$, 회분은 건물량으로 환산하여 등외품인 D시료를 제외하고 6.81%, 단백질 $16.19{\sim}20.01%$, 지방 $2.24{\sim}2.52%$로 등급에 따라 차이가 없었고, $-20^{\circ}C$$-70^{\circ}C$에서 6개월 저장한 냉동송이 버섯도 냉동하지 않은 송이 버섯과 각 성분에 있어서 큰 차이가 없었다. 전자코에 의한 향 패턴 분석과 다차원 판별 분석을 실시한 결과 생송이 버섯은 등급별 차이가 거의 없게 나타났으나, 냉동 저장한 등급별 송이 버섯의 경우 분별화되는 경향을 보였다. 또 등급별 송이 버섯 및 냉동 송이 버섯을 GC/MSD에 의한 향기 성분 분석 및 동정한 결과 50여개의 peak가 검출되었으며, 이중에서 29개의 성분이 동정되었다. 동정된 휘발성 향기 성분중 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 3-methy-butanal이 공통적인 성분이었고, 등급이 낮아질수록 1-octen-3-ol 함량이 감소하였다. 각 등급별 생송이 버섯 및 냉동 송이의 이취, 향미 등의 관능검사 결과 생송이 버섯은 등급간에는 차이가 없었으나, 냉동 송이는 A(1등급), B(2등급), C(3등급) 시료에 비하여 D(등외품)시료를 낮게 평가하였다.

Keywords

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