The Effect of Bulking Agent on Quality of Kiwifruit Powder in the Process of Domestic Kiwifruit Tenderizer

국내산 키위연육제 제조과정 중 부형제의 첨가가 키위분말의 품질에 미치는 영향

  • Published : 2002.10.01

Abstract

Development of tenderizer using domestic fruits was studied. Kiwifruit was dried using various methods, and the quality of kiwifruit powder was observed during 12 week storage. Frozen kiwifruit was prepared in paste, dice, and whole flesh. After drying, paste-type kiwifruit showed 2.0 and 1.3 times higher proteolytic activity than dice and whole flesh kiwifruits, respectively. Nine hour of hot-air drying or 46 h of freeze-drying eliminated more than 90% of water from kiwifruit, during which discoloring of kiwifruit occurred. Freeze-dried powder showed 6.6 times higher yield and proteolytic activity, and resulted in almost no discolorization than those of air-dried powder. Addition of bulking agent affected the quality of hot air-dried kiwifruit powder, except color, resulting in $3.2{\sim}3.6$ times higher proteolytic activity than that without bulking agent, which is comparable to 60% of the initial freeze-dried powder content. Moisture content of kiwifruit powder with bulking agent sustained consistently during 12 week storage, whereas proteolytic activity decreased for the first 4 weeks. Freeze-drying is a preferable method to produce kiwifruit powder for tenderizer, although hot air-drying with bulking agent treatment is more economical.

본 연구는 키위연육제 개발의 기초자료로 제공하기 위해 단백분해효과가 있는 국내산 키위를 건조가공한 후 건조방법과 부형제 첨가에 따른 이화학적 특성을 비교분석하였고 12주 동안 저장하면서 품질변화를 관찰하였다. 건조 이전 전처리를 달리한 경우 paste 형태로 전처리를 한 경우가 dice 전처리 처리구보다 2.0배, 일반 과육형태보다는 1.3배 높은 단백불해활성을 나타내었다. 건조과정 중 변화를 보면 열풍 건조는 9시간 동안 동결건조는 46시간 동안 키위 paste의 수분감소가 90% 이상 진행되었으며 이 시간 동안 색의 변화가 주로 관찰되었다. 건조분말은 열풍건조한 경우 동결건조 처리구에 비해 수율이 낮았으나 수분함량은 거의 차이가 나지 않았다. 열풍건조한 처리구의 경우 현저한 단백분해효소 활성의 저하를 나타내었고 동결건조한 처리구는 열풍건조보다 약 6.6배정도 많은 단백분해효과를 나타내었다. 키위 고유의 색은 동결건조를 하는 경우 유지되었다. 건조전 부형제를 첨가한 것에 의한 효과를 보면 동결건조에서는 부형제에 의한 차이가 적으나 열풍건조에서는 dextrin 5%첨가한 키위분말이 높은 건조분말수율과 낮은 수분함량을 보여주었다. 단백분해활성은 부형제를 넣고 열풍건조한 처리구의 경우 부형제 무처리구보다 약 $3.2{\sim}3.6$배 더 높은 효소역가를 보여주었고 이 역가는 동결건조 결과물에 비해 60% 정도 잔존하는 것으로 나타났다. 부형제에 의한 색의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 12주 저장하는 동안 모든 처리구에서 건조 전 부형제를 첨가한 분말연육체의 수분함량은 저장 내내 안정된 경향의 수분보유력을 보여주었다. 단백분해효소 활성은 열풍건조의 경우 건조전 부형제를 첨가한 처리구는 저장 4주까지 단백분해효소의 활성 감소를 보이다가 안정화되었다. 따라서 키위 고유의 색을 유지하고 가공 후 분말내 단백분해효소 잔존량을 높이기 위해서는 동결건조가 효율적이나 부형제를 적절히 처리한 후 열풍건조를 하는 방법도 경제성 측면에서 좋은 대안이 될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

Keywords

References

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