The Development of Korean Traditional Wine Using the Fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten - I. Characteristics of Mashes and Sojues -

손바닥 선인장 열매를 이용한 전통주 개발 - I. 전통주 제조기법을 이용한 발효주 및 증류주의 특성 -

  • Bae, In-Young (Department of Food & Nutrition, Hanyang University) ;
  • Yoon, Eun-Ju (Department of Food & Nutrition, Hanyang University) ;
  • Woo, Jeong-Min (Department of Food & Nutrition, Hanyang University) ;
  • Kim, Joo-Shin (Pulmuone R&D Center, Pulmuone Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Yang, Cha-Bum (Department of Food & Nutrition, Hanyang University) ;
  • Lee, Hyeon-Gyu (Department of Food & Nutrition, Hanyang University)
  • 배인영 (한양대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 윤은주 (한양대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 우정민 (한양대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김주신 ((주)풀무원 기술연구소) ;
  • 양차범 (한양대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이현규 (한양대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2002.02.28

Abstract

Fermentation characteristics with/without nitrogen source and quality of the fruit distillate of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten were investigated during the manufacturing process of a Korean traditional liquor. As the fermentation period increased, acidity, brix degree, and alcohol concentration increased, whereas pH and contents of reducing sugar decreased. Acidity, pH, and brix degree were higher, whereas the content of reducing sugar lower, in the nitrogen source-added distillate than in the distillate without nitrogen source. The growth of yeast increased, while that of bacteria decreased; this trend was more prominent with the addition of a nitrogen source. Sojues, distilled from two types of mashes and diluted with $H_2O$ and tails of distillate into 22% alcohol concentration, showed pH $3.7{\sim}4.0$, acidity $0.02{\sim}0.10$, and $5.4{\sim}6.1$ $^{\circ}Brix$. Analysis through GC using direct injection methods revealed common volatile flavor compounds in sojues, including acetaldehyde, acetyl acetone, acetic acid ethyl ester, ethyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol, acetone, n-propyl alcohol, butanoic acid methyl ester, 2-phenyl ethanol, thymol, acetic acid phenyl ester, and vanillic aldehyde. As revealed through the sensory evaluation, no significant difference (p>0.05) in overall acceptability was shown among four experimental groups, while color and flavor showed significant differences(p<0.05).

제주도 손바닥 선인장 열매주를 제조함에 있어 질소원의 첨가에 따른 발효 중 성분 변화를 조사하고, 이를 증류시 품질 및 기호도의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 질소원을 첨가한 2단 담금부터 발효 종료일까지 성분 변화는 질소원 첨가 유무에 따라 각각 pH $3.7{\sim}3.8$, $3.6{\sim}3.7$, 산도 $4.2{\sim}6.5$, $1.2{\sim}1.5$, 당도 $10.0{\sim}10.8$, $5.6{\sim}6.0$ $^{\circ}Brix$, 환원당 $3.50{\sim}3.83$, $6.43{\sim}6.73$ mg/ml, 알코올 $8.1{\sim}9.8$, $8.0{\sim}9.1%$로 산도, 당도, 알코올은 증가하고, pH와 환원당은 감소하였다. 질소원을 첨가한 발효주가 첨가하지 않은 발효주에 비해 pH, 산도, 당도는 높았고 환원당은 낮았다. 발효과정에서 yeast의 생육도는 증가, bacteria는 감소하였으며 질소원을 첨가함으로써 그 경향은 더욱 증가하였다. 발효주를 증류한 후 각각 후류와 증류수로 희석하여 알코올 농도를 22%로 조정한 증류주의 pH는 $3.7{\sim}4.0$, 산도는 $0.02{\sim}0.10$, 당도는 $5.4{\sim}6.1\;^{\circ}Brix$였다. 향기성분으로는 acetaldehyde, acetyl acetone, acetic acid ethyl ester, ethyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol, acetone, n-propyl alcohol, butanoic acid methyl ester, 2-phenyl ethanol, thymol, acetic acid phenyl ester, vanillic aldehyde 등이 공통으로 검출되었고, 그 밖의 향기성분은 종류에 따라 다소 차이를 보였다. 또한 이들의 관능검사 결과, 색과 향에서는 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이를 보였으나, 전반적인 기호도에서는 시료간 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이가 없었다. 전체적으로 질소원을 첨가하지 않은 술덧을 증류하여 증류수로 희석한 증류주가 높은 pH와 당도, 낮은 산도를 보였으며 기호도에서도 가장 높았다.

Keywords

References

  1. Yu, T. J. (1984) The development method of Korean traditional liquors. Liquor Industry 4, 7-10
  2. Jang, J. H. (1987) The Korean tradidonal Yakju. Liqwr Indus-try 1, 6-16
  3. Sung, G. 0. (1989) Production and marketing of Takju and Yakju. Korean J. Dietary Cutture 4, 287-292
  4. Min, Y. K. and Lee, M. K. (1997) The changes of the quality of jujube wine during its manufacturing operations, food Enei-neerins Progress 1, 81-86
  5. Min, Y. K., Lee, M. K. and Jeong, H. S. (1997) Fermentation characteristics of jujube alcoholic beverage from different addi-tional level of jujube fruit. Korean Agric. Chem. Soc. 40, 433-437
  6. Woo, K. L. and Lee, S. H. (1994) A study on wine - making with dried persimmon produced in Korea. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 26, 204-212
  7. Yu, T. J. and Han, B. R. (1988) Studies on the production of Chaenomeles sinensis wine. Thesis collection of Agricvlture & Forestry 211-224
  8. Jang, E. J. (1985) Studies on the production of omija wine, M.S. thesis, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
  9. Ahn, M. O. (1984) Studies on the production of Acanthopana-cis Cortex fruit wine, M.S. thesis, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
  10. Choi, S. H., Lee, M. H., Shin, C. S., Sung, C., Oh, M. J. and Kim, C. J. (1996) Effect of stomge condition on the quality of the wine and Yakju made by Lycium chinense Miller. Korean Agric. Chem. Soc. 39, 338-342
  11. The Small House (1985) The Chinese Herb Dictionary. Shang-hai Science Technology Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan
  12. Lee, Y. C., Hwang, K. H., Han, D. H. and Kim, S. D. (1997) Composition of Opuntia ficus-indica. Korean J. Food Sci. Tech-not. 29, 847-853
  13. Lee, H. J. (1997) A Study on Antiulcer effects of Ovuntia Dit-lenii Haw. on stomach ulcer induced by water-immersion stress in rats, M.S. Thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
  14. Kim, I. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, H. M. and Kim, Y. E. (1995) Effect of andoxidants on the thermostability of red pigment in prickly pear. Korean J. Food Sci. Technot. 27, 1013-1016
  15. Chung, M. S. and Kim, K. H. (1996) Stability of betanine extracted from Opunda Ficus-Indica var. saboten. Korean J. Soc. Food Sci. 12, 506-510.
  16. Chung, H. J. (2000) Antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of Opuntia Fucus hidica var. saboten. Korean J. Soc. Food Sci. 16, 160-166
  17. Miguel, C. C. (1995) Tequila production, Critical Reviews in Biotechnotosy 15, 1-11 https://doi.org/10.3109/07388559509150529
  18. The Textbook of Liquor manufacture (1997) National Tax Ser-vice Technology Institute, Seoul, Korea
  19. Jang, K. J. and Yu, T. J. (1981) Studies on the components of Sokokju and commercial Yakju. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol.13, 307-313
  20. Shin, K. R., Kim, B. C., Yang, J. Y. and Kim, Y. D. (1999) Characteristic of Yakju prepared with yeasts from fmits 2. Quality characteristics of Yakju during fermentation. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 28, 801-804.
  21. Min, Y. K. and Cho, J. G. (1994) Fermentation characteristics of some medicinal herb rice wine. Korean Aeric. Chem. Soc. 37, 175-181
  22. Jung, J. H. (1992) Studies on the production of Korean tradi-tional distillate (Jin-do hong-ju). The research reports of Miwon Research Institute of Korean food & Dietary Cutture 3, 63-81
  23. Food Processing (2000) Korea Food & Drug Admimstration, Seoul, Korea
  24. Hara, S. (1967) A view of Sake component; Alcohols. J. Soc. Brew. Japan 62, 1195-1205 https://doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1915.62.1195
  25. Yuda, J. (1976) Brewing component; Beer (Fermented flavor component). J. Soc. Brew. Japan 71, 819-830 https://doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1915.71.819
  26. Nismya, T. (1977) Brewing component; Spiiits (Component). J. Soc. Brew. Japan 72, 415-432 https://doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1915.72.415
  27. Nunokau, T. (1967) A view of Sake component; Ester. J. Soc. Brew. Japan 62, 854-860 https://doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1915.62.854
  28. Owaki, K. (1967) A view of Sake component; Carbonyl. J. Soc. Brew. Japan 62, 1098-1105
  29. Mordi, R. C. (1993) Carotenoids functions and degradation. Chem. Ind. 75, 79-83
  30. Naf, R., Velluz, A. and Thommen, W. (1990) Isolation of a glucosidic precursor of damascenone from Lycium halimifo-lium Mil. Tetrahedmn Lett. 31, 6521-6522 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)97106-5
  31. Scot, M. B and Terry, L. P. (1996) Characterization of tequila flavor by mstrumetal and sensory analysis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 557-566 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9504172