Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Effects of Fragmentation on the Bird Community in Agricultural Landscapes

농촌 경관에서 파편화가 조류 군집에 미치는 영향

  • Published : 2002.04.01
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Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fragmentation on the bird community in Seongduck-ri and Hanggum-ri agricultural landscapes of Kangha-myon, Yangpyong-gun, Kyonggido. We analyzed the composition of tree species, forest environmental structures, structures of agricultural landscapes, avifaunas and guild structures. Number and density of tree species ranging from 6 to 10cm in D.B.H. were high in Seongduck-ri, but basal area was high in Hanggum-ri. Coverages of foliage layers under two meters and over 12 meters were high in Hanggum-ri. Meanwhile, Seongduck-ri agricultural landscapes consisted of twelve patches, dominated by Larix leptolepsis and Robinia pseudoacacia Hanggum-ri landscapes was composed of eleven patches, and dominated by Pinus rigida, Castanea crenate, Larix leptolepsis and paddy field. Dominant bird species showed the same order in two study areas, thirty-six species of birds were observed in Hanggum-ri landscapes, but twenty species were in Seongduck-ri landscapes. Number of species and density belonging to hole-, bush-, ground-nesting and water-, bush-, ground-foraging guild were high in Hanggum-ri landscapes. Number of species and density belonging to hole-nesting guild showed the high value in Hanggum-ri landscapes that was not fragmented. It could be attributed to the low human disturbance and relative high density of medium and large trees in D.B.H. Also, number of species and density belonging to bush-, ground- and water- foraging guild showed the high value in Hanggum-ri landscapes that had the high foliage amounts in the foliage layer under two meters. It will be related with the paddy field, dry field and brook, which patches covered the 28.4% of Hanggum-ri landscapes. Therefore, road not only dominate the heterogeneous patch in agricultural landscapes, but also easily cause the human disturbance. Thus, road construction would decrease the natural patch diversity and edge effects that are important for sustaining the diverse avifauna in agricultural landscapes.

농촌 경관에서 파편화가 조류 군집에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 경기도 양평군 강하면 성덕리와 항금리 두 지역에서 수종 구성과 산림환경구조, 농촌 경관의 구조, 조류상 및 조류 군집의 길드 구조를 분석하였다. 성덕리 지역은 항금리 지역보다 수종의 종 수와 흉고직경 6~10cm 임목의 헥타당 밀도는 높았으나, 흉고단면적은 낮았다. 2m 이하와 12mn 이상의 엽층에서 피도량은 성덕리 지역보다 항금리 지역에서 높았다. 한편 성덕리 농촌 경관은 12개의 조각을 가지고 있었으며 낙엽송과 아가시 나무의 점유 비율이 높았다. 항금리는 11개의 조각을 가지고 있었으며 리기다소나무, 밤나무, 낙엽송, 논의 점유 비율이 높았다. 두 지역에서 조류의 우점종은 동일하였으나 항금리 지역에서 36종으로 나타나 성덕리 20종보다 훨씬 많았다. 여름철새의 비율은 도로에 의해 파편화가 진행되지 않은 항금리에서 높았다. 수동, 관목층. 지면 영소길드와 물가, 관목, 지면 채이길드의 종 수 및 서식밀도는 항금리 지역에서 높았다. 도로에 의한 파편화가 진행되지 않은 항금리 농촌 경관에서 인간에 의한 영향이 상대적으로 적고 중, 대경급 임목이 생육하여 수동 영소길드 종 수 및 서식밀도가 높은 것으로 생각된다. 또한. 2m 이하 하층 피도량이 높고 논, 밭, 계류 조각이 28.4%를 차지하는 항금리 경관은 관목층과 지면 길드 및 물가 채이길드의 종 수 및 밀도를 높인 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 도로는 농촌경관에서 이질적인 조각을 점유할 뿐만 아니라, 인간의 교란을 쉽게 유도하여 농촌 경관의 생물 서식지의 다양성을 줄이고 가장자리 효과를 감소시켰다고 판단된다.

Keywords

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