Preventive Nutrition and Food Science

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Extruded Products Made with Cassava Starch Blended with Oat Fiber and Resistant Starch on the Hypocholesterolemic Properties as Evaluated in Hamsters

  • Chang, Y.K. (Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, FEA/UNICAMP, Cidade Universitaria “Zeferino Vaz”. Distrito Barao Geraldo, CEP) ;
  • He, Martinez-Flores (Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del IPN. Jose Siurob) ;
  • Martinez-Bustos, F. (Centro de investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Libramiento Norponients 2000. Frac. Real de Juriquilla) ;
  • Sgarbieri, V.C. (Centro de Quimica de Alimentos e Nutricao Aplicada. Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos)
  • Published : 2002.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To examine the cholesterol-towering effects of extruded products made with cassava starch (CS) and blends of cassava starch with either resistant starch (CS-RS) or oat fiber (CS-OF) hamsters were fed with diets containing a high-cholesterol (2%) and high-fat (17%) diet for 20 days. Hamsters fed with a diet containing no cholesterol were used as a control. Total cholesterol (TC) levels in the CS-RS and CS-OF groups were significantly (p>0.05) lower compared to the CS group by 11.5% and 8.5%, respectively. Also, the diets containing fibers decreased the value of low-density lipoproteins plus very low-density lipoproteins fraction by 32.4% (CS-RS diet) and 51.7% (CS-OF), respectively, as compared to the CS diet. Total lipid values were significantly (p<0.05) lower in hamsters fed the CS-RS diet (916 mg/dL) and CS-OF diet (964 mg/dL) as compared to those fed the CS diet (1661 mg/dL). The results obtained in this study suggest that extruded products containing cassava starch blended with either resistant starch or oat fleer, could prevent health problems associated with high levels of cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia induced by a high cholesterol and fat diet.

Keywords

References

  1. American Association of Cereal Chemists. 2001. AACC report. The definition dietary fiber. Cereal Foods World, 46: 112-129
  2. Anderson JW, Chen WJL. 1979. Plant fiber. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 32: 346-363
  3. Burkitt DP, Walker RP, Painter NS. 1974. Dietary fiber and disease. J Am Med Assoc 229: 1068-1074 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.229.8.1068
  4. Brodribb JN. 1980. Dietary fiber in diverticular disease of the colon. In　Medical aspects of dietary fiber. Spiller GA, Kay RM, eds. Plenum Press, New York. p 132
  5. Heller SN, Hackler LR Rivers JM. 1980. Dietary fiber: the effect of particle size of wheat bran on colonic function in young adult men. Am J Clin Nutr 33: 1734-1744
  6. Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Leeds AR, Gasull MA, Delawari JB, Goff DV, Metz GL. 1978. Dietary fibres, fibre analogous and glucose tolerance: importance of viscosity. British Medical Journal 1: 1392-1394 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.6124.1392
  7. Ebihara K, Kiryiama S. 1982. Comparative effects of water-soluble and water-insoluble dietary fibers on various parameters relating to glucose tolerance in rats. Nutr Rep Int 26: 193-201
  8. Glore SR, Treeck DV, Knehans AW, Guild M. 1994. Soluble fiber and serum lipids: a literature review. J Am Dietetic Assoc 94: 425-436 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(94)90099-X
  9. Turner PR, Tuomilehto J, Happonen P, Laville AE, Shaikh M, Lewis B. 1990. Metabolic studies on the hypolipidaemic effect of guar gum. Atherosclerosis 81: 145-150 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(90)90021-A
  10. Lipid Research Clinics Program. 1984. The lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial results. II. The relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. J Am Med Assoc 251: 365-374 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.251.3.365
  11. Kahlon TS, Edwards RH, Chow FI. 1998. Effect of extrusion on hypocholesterolemic properties of rice, oat, corn, and wheat bran diets in hamsters. Cereal Chem 75: 897-903 https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.6.897
  12. Krivchevsky D. 1988. Dietary fiber. Ann Rev Nutr 8: 301-328 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.08.070188.001505
  13. Anderson JW, Story L, Sieling B, Chen WL, Petro MS, Story J. 1984. Hypocholesterolemic effects of oat-bran or bean intake for hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 40: 1146-1155
  14. Klopfenstein CF, Hoseney RC. 1987. Cholesterol-lowering effects of beta-glucan-enriched bread. Nutr Rep Int 36: 1091-1098
  15. Chen WL, Anderson JW. 1979. Effects of plant fiber in decreasing plasma total cholesterol and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 126: 108-111
  16. Scheeneman BO. 1989. Dietary fiber. A scientific status summary by the Institute of Food Technologists. Expert panel on food safety & nutrition. Food Techn 133-139
  17. Topping DL. 1991. Soluble fiber polissaccharides: Effects on plasma cholesterol and colonic fermentation. Nutr Rev 49: 195-203 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1991.tb03021.x
  18. Stark A, Madar Z. 1994. Dietary fiber in functional foods. Israel Goldberg Capman & Hall, New York. p 189
  19. Englyst HN, Kingman SM, Cummings JH. 1992. Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions. European J Clin Nutr 46: 33-50
  20. Huang DP. 1995. New perspectives on starch and starch derivatives for snack applications. Cereal Foods World, 40: 528-531
  21. Younes H, Levrat MA, Demigne C, Remesy C. 1995. Resistant starch is more effective than cholestyramine as a lipid-lowering agent in the rat. Lipids 30: 847-853 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02533961
  22. Favier ML, Remesy C, Moundras C, Demigne C. 1995. Effect of cyclodextrin on plasma lipids and colesterol metabolism in the rat. Metabolism 44: 200-206 https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(95)90265-1
  23. Levrat MA, Favier ML, Moundras C, Remesy C, Demigne C, Morand C. 1994. Role of dietary propionic acid and bile acid excretion in the hypocholesterolemic effects of oligosaccharides in rats. J Nutr 124: 531-538
  24. Remesy C, Levrat MA, Gamet L, Demigne C. 1993. Cecal fermentation in rats fed oligo-saccharides (inulin) are modulated by dietary calcium level. Am J Physiol 264: G855- G862
  25. Reeves GP, Nielsen HF, Fahey CG. 1993. AIN-93 Purified iets for Laboratory Rodents: Final Report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad Hoc Writing Committee on the Reformulation of the AIN-76A Rodent Diet. J Nutr 123: 1939-1951
  26. AACC. 1983. Approved methods. Ninth ed. American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc, St. Paul, MN, USA. Vol 1-2
  27. Prosky L, Asp Nils-Georg, Scheizer FT, DeVries WJ, Furda I. 1988. Determination of insoluble, soluble and total dietary fiber in foods and food products: Interlaboratory study. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 71: 1017-1023
  28. SAS. 1995. Statistical Analysis System. SAS, Users Guide. The Institute, Cary, NC
  29. Behall KM. 1997. Oat fiber decreases cholesterol levels. Food Chem Toxicol 35: 528
  30. Schinnick FL, Longacre MJ, Inks SL, Marlett JA. 1988. Oat fiber: composition versus physiological function in rats. J Nutr 118: 144-151
  31. Kahlon TS, Saunders RM, Chow FI, Chiu MM, Betschart AA. 1990. Influence of rice bran, oat bran, and wheat bran on cholesterol and triglycerides in hamsters. Cereal Chem 67: 439-443
  32. Anderson JW, Hamilton CC, Horn JL, Spencer DB, Dillon DW, Zeigler J. 1991. Metabolic effects of insoluble oat fiber on lean men with type II diabetes. Cereal Chem 68: 291-294
  33. Lopez HW, Levrat-Verny MA, Coudray C, Besson C, Krespine V, Messager A, Demign$'e$C, R$'e$mesy C. 2001. Class 2 resistant starches lower plasma and liver lipids and improve mineral retention in rats. J Nutr 131: 1283-1289
  34. Cheng HH, Lai MH. 2000. Fermentation of resistant starch produces propionate reducing serum and hepatic cholesterol in rats. J Nutr 130: 1991-1995
  35. Anderson JW, Chen WJ. 1986. Cholesterol-lowering properties of oat products. In Oat chemistry and technology. Webster F, ed. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN, USA. p 309-333
  36. Rieckhoff D, Trautwein EA, M$ddot{a}$lkki Y, Erbersdobler F. 1999. Effects of different cereal fibers on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the syrian golden hamster. Cereal Chem 76: 788-795 https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.5.788
  37. Ranhotra GS, Gelroth JA, Glaser BK. 1996. Effect of resistant starch on blood and liver lipids in hamsters. Cereal Chem 73: 176-178
  38. Pasquier B, Armand Castelain C, Guillon F, Borel P, Lairon D. 1996. Emulsification and lipolysis of triacylglycerols are altered by viscous coluble fiber in acid gastric medium in vitro. Biochem J 15: 619-675
  39. Hozumi T, Yoshida M, Ishida Y, Mimoto H, Sawa J, Doi K, Kazumi T. 1995. Long-term- effects of dietary fibre supplementation on serum glucose and lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Endoc J 42: 1871- 1892
  40. Simons LA, Gayts S, Balasubramaniam S, Ruys J. 1982. Long term treatment of hypocholesterolemia with a new palatable formulation of guar gum. Atherosclerosis 45: 101- 108 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(82)90175-7
  41. Vahouny GV. 1982. Dietary fiber, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis. Fed Proc 41: 2801-2806

Cited by

  1. The composition of dietary fibre-rich extrudates from oat affects bile acid binding and fermentation in vitro vol.90, pp.1-2, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.03.041
  2. Dietary fibre-rich oat-based products affect serum lipids, microbiota, formation of short-chain fatty acids and steroids in rats vol.94, pp.06, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20051577