Journal of Chest Surgery

The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (대한심장혈관흉부외과학회)
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Usefulness and Surgical Strategies of Pulmonary Artery Banding in Functional Univentricular Heart

단심실에서 폐동맥 교약술의 유용성 및 수술전략

  • 김웅한 (부천세종병원, 세종심장연구소, 흉부외과)
  • Published : 2002.06.01
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Abstract

Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in the functional univentricular heart (UVH) is a palliative procedure for staging toward the Fontan procedure; however, it is known to be a risk factor. Material and method： The records of all 37 patients with functional UVHs who underwent surgical palliation using PAB between September 1989 and August 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. We investigated the aortic arch obstruction, the development and progression of subaortic stenosis after PAB, and risk factor of mortality according to surgical method. Result： In 37 neonates and infants with single ventricular physiology, aortic arch obstruction was combined in 7. There were 6 early deaths (16.2%) after PAB and 3 late deaths (8.1%) after Fontan operation. The actuarial overall survival including early mortality at 3 and 5 years were 80.7$\pm$6.6%, 72.2$\pm$8.2% respectively. Among 31 patients who survived PAB, 27 patients (87.1 %) could become candidates for Fontan operation； 22 patients (71.0%) completed Fontan operation with 3 deaths and 5 were waiting bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt(BCPS) or Fontan operation (follow-up mean 4.5 year, minimal 2 year). Subaortic stenosis developed in 8 patients after PAB (8/29, 27.6%)； 3 cases in the patients without arch anomaly (3/22, 13.6%) and 5 in those with arch anomaly (5/7, 71.4%). The subaortic stenosis was managed with Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure (DKS) in 6 patients without operative mortality and conal septum resection in 2 without long-term survivor. Analysis of risk factors established that aortic arch obstruction was strongly associated with subaortic stenosis (p＜0.001). The only risk factor of late mortality was Fontan procedure without staged palliation by BCPS (p=0.001). Conclusion： PAB is effective as an initial palliative step in functional UVH. And the high risk group of patients with aortic obstruction can undergo effective short-term PAB as an initial palliative step, with subsequent DKS for subaortic stenosis. This strategy, initial PAB and careful surveillance, and early relief of subaortic stenosis can maintain acceptable anatomy and hemodynamics for later Fontan procedures.

폐동맥 교약술은 기능성 단심실 환아에서 폐혈류가 많은 경우 시행하는 고식적 수술 방법 중의 하나 이나 이들 환아의 최종 목표인 폰탄수술에 있어서는 유병율과 사망률의 위험 요소로 알려져 있다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년 9월부터 1999년 8월까지 본원에서 기능적 단심실로 폐동맥 교약술을 시행 받은 37명의 환아를 대상으로 최소한 24개월 이상 외래 추적한 상태에서의 기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 수술 전후로 대동맥 협착의 유무, 대동맥하 협착의 발생 유무 그리고 수술 방법에 따른 사망률의 위험 요소를 분석하였다. 결과： 기능적 단심실의 혈류역학을 가진 37명의 영유아에서 폐동맥 교약술 전후로 대동맥 협착이 동반된 경우는 7례였다. 폐동맥 교약후 조기 사망은 6례 (16.2%), 만기 사망은 폰탄수술후 3례 (8.1%) 였다. 조기 사망을 포함한 3년 및 5년 생존율은 각각 80.7$\pm$6.6%, 72.2$\pm$8.2% 였다. 폐동맥 교약후 생존한 31명의 환아중 27명이 폰탄수술의 대상(87.1%)이 되며 이중 22명이 폰탄수술을 시행하였고(71.0%) 이 중 3명이 사망하였으며, 나머지 5명은 양방향성대정맥폐동맥단락술이나 폰탄수술을 기다리고 있다(외래 추적, 평균 4년 6개월, 최소 2년). 폐동맥 교약후 8명의 환아에서 대동맥하 협착이 발생하였으며(8/29, 27.6%), 이중 대동맥 협착이 없었던 환아에서는 3명이 발생하였고(3/22, 13.6%) 대동맥 협착이 있었던 환아에서는 5명이 발생하였다(5/7, 71.4%). 대동맥하 협착이 발생한 환아에서 초기 2명은 원추중격절제를 시행하였는데 장기 생존은 없으며 그후 6명은 Damus-Kaye-Stansel 술식을 시행하였는데 사망은 없었다. 위험 요소 분석에서 페동맥 교약술시 대동맥 협착이 동반된 경우는 향후 대동맥하 협착 발생과 매우 밀접한 관계를 가졌다 (p＜0.001). 양방향성상대정맥폐동맥단락술을 거치지 않고 폰탄수술을 한 경우가 만기 사망에 있어서는 유일한 위험 요소였다 (p=0.001). 결론: 폐혈류가 많은 기능성 단심실 환아에서 1차 고식적 수술 방법으로 폐동맥 교약술은 매우 유용한 방법이며 대동맥 협착이 동반된 고위험군에서도 단기간의 폐동맥 교약술을 거쳐 엄격한 추적관찰을 통하여 대동맥하 협착이 발생할 경우에 Damus-Kaye-Stansel 술식을 추가하는 경우 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 이러한 수술 방침으로 궁극적으로 폰탄수술에 적합한 혈류역학과 해부학적 형태를 기대할 수 있다.

Keywords

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