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Nutrition Education Effect in Obesity Treatment for Children

소아비만 치료의 임상영양 교육 효과

  • 김영숙 (아주대학병원 영양과) ;
  • 이순영 (아주대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 김영옥 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2002.12.01

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate nutrition education effect in the long term and short term nutrition education intervention for childhood obesity. Seventy-seven obese children aged seven to twelve who visiting obesity clinic in a university hospital were given nutrition education therapy. Long-term as well as short-term education effect had been measured based on reducing level of Body Mass Index (BMI), Relative Body Weight (RBW) and lipid profile as well as dietary behavior. Identification of factors influencing the effect of nutrition education had been tested using multiple regression analysis as well as Main Whitney test. The result showed that nutrition education intervention had a significant impact on reducing the level of BMI, RBW and lipid profile during long term and short term period. Duration of clinic visit and total number of clinic visit were the most significant factors for the short term effect for obesity treatment. However, frequent clinic visit per month was not significant factor on short term effect. Therefore sustained participation for nutrition education by the obese individual seems more important factors than other factors especially for short term effect. Although, there was the tendency of reducing weight with longer duration and frequent clinic visit, and changing health behavior, none of the factors showed statistically significant effect on the long term effect for the obesity treatment. The results may imply that more complex factors involved for the long term treatment of childhood obesity than short term treatment.

본 연구는 소아 비만아들에 대한 임상영양교육 프로그램의 효과를 비만도, 혈액학적 변화, 생활습관의 변화 등을 통해 관찰하였다. 관찰기간이 서로 다른77명의 비만아를 대상으로4년간의 관찰 내용이 분석되었다. 특히 교육효과를 장기와 단기로 나누어 병원 내원 기간중의 단기적 체중, 혈청학적 변화뿐만 아니라 장기적인 식생활 습관의 변화 등으로 나누어 장단기 변화를 구분하여 관찰하였고 이들 장단기 변화에 영 향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구결과 단기적(내원기간동안) 효과면에서 볼 때 BMI, % RBW에 의한 비만도 및 혈액지 질양상 등에서 수치가 낮아짐으로써 통계적으로 유의한 효과가 있었다. 이 중 혈청콜레스테롤의 농도는 평균 180.6 mg/dL에서 165.3 mg/dL으로 감소하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고(P<0.05), 28.6%가 정상군으로 돌아왔다 장기 효과를 볼 때, BMI가 23.8$\pm$2.9로 최초 내원시 25.4$\pm$2.7보다 낮아졌으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, % RBW에 의한 비만도는 137.7$\pm$14.1에서 125.1$\pm$13.0으로 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 생활습관을 통해 관찰한 장기 효과는 1차 조사시 57.9점에서 2차 조사시 67.2점으로 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하여 (p<0.01), 임상영양교육후 생활습관이 장기적으로 개선되었음을 알 수 있었다 이는 교육의 효과라 할 수 있고 또한 고도 비만아의 경우 비만율이 현저히 떨어 져,42.9%가 정상군으로 돌아왔다. 단기 효과에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 단기내에 방문기간이 길수록, 방문횟수가 많을수록 교육 후 비만도가 감소하는 경향을 보인(p<0.001) 반면 월평균 교육참여 빈도는 비만치료효과에 긍정적 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 잦은 참여보다는 지속적이고 장기적인 참여와 관리가 더 효과적이라고 사료된다(p<0.05). 장기 효과와 관련된 관찰로는 방문기간이 길고, 횟수가 많을수록 긍정적 효과를 띠는 경향을 보여주었으나 통계적으로 유의한 수준은 아니었다. 이상의 결과를 요약해보면 임상영양교육프로그램은 적어도 BMI나 %RBW라는 관점에서 장단기 효과가 있었다. 그러나 장기 효과와 단기 효과에 영향을 미치는 요인에는 다소간의 차이가 있었다. 방문기간, 방문횟수 등은 단기 효과에 영향을 주는 요인이나 월평균 참여빈도 등은 별다른 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 장기 효과에 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 영향을 주는 요인은 규명할 수 없었다. 이는 장기 효과에 영 향을 주는 요인은 단기 효과에서 나타난 총 방문 기간이나 방문횟수 이외의 사회심리적 요인이 복잡하게 작용했을 가능성을 본 연구 결과는 시사하고 있다.

Keywords

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