DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Failure Behavior and Separation Criterion for Strengthened Concrete Members with Steel Plates

강판과 콘크리트 접착계면의 파괴거동 및 박리특성

  • Published : 2002.02.01

Abstract

Plate bonding technique has been widely used in strengthening of existing concrete structures, although it has often a serious problem of premature falure such as interface separation and rip-off. However, this premature failure problem has not been well explored yet especially in view of local failure mechanism around the interface of plate ends. The purpose of the present study is, therefore, to identify the local failure of strengthened plates and to derive a separation criterion at the interface of plates. To this end, a comprehensive experimental program has been set up. The double lap pull-out tests considering pure shear force and half beam tests considering combined flexure-shear force were performed. The main experimental parameters include plate thickness, adhesive thickness, and plate end arrangement. The strains along the longitudinal direction of steel plates have been measured and the shear stress were calculated from those measures strains. The effects of plate thickness, bonded length, and plate end treatment have been also clarified from the present test results. Nonlinear finite element analysis has been performed and compared with test results. The Interface properties are also modeled to present the separation failure behavior of strengthened members. The cracking patterns as well as maximum failure loads agree well with test data. The relation between maximum shear and normal stresses at the interface has been derived to propose a separation failure criterion of strengthened members. The present study allows more realistic analysis and design of externally strengthened flexural member with steel plates.

기존 철근콘크리트 구조물에 대한 보강 방법으로서 강판접착공법은 강판의 박리나 rip-off 등 조기 파괴의 문제점을 안고 있음에도 불구하고 가장 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나, 아직까지도 이러한 조기 파괴 문제점은 강판 단부의 접착계면 주위의 국부적인 파괴메커니즘 관점에서 파악되지 않고 있다. 그러므로, 이 연구에서는 보강판의 파괴 메카니즘을 구명하고 접착계면에서의 박리기준을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이러한 목적으로 두 가지 방법에 의한 광범위한 실험이 수행되었는데, 그 하나가 순수 전단력이 작용하는 상태를 고려한 double lap pull-out test이고, 또 다른 하나는 휨과 전단이 동시에 작용하는 상태를 고려한 half beam test이다. 주요 실험변수로 강판의 두께, 접착제의 두께, 부착길이, 그리고 단부 처리방법 등을 채택하였으며, 이를 토대로 하여 각 변수에 의한 영향을 다각도에서 분석하였다. 강판의 길이방향으로의 변형률을 측정하여 그로부터 접착계면에서의 전단응력을 계산하였으며, 콘크리트와 강판의 상대 변위를 측정하여, 접착계면의 전단계수를 얻고자 하였다. 이러한 실험 결과를 이용하여 비선형 유한요소 해석결과와 비교를 통하여 실험의 검증 및 강판의 단부 접착계면에 발생하는 전단응력 및 법선응력을 도출하였다. 해석결과 최대 하중뿐만 아니라 균열패턴 등도 실험결과와 잘 부합되는 것으로 나타났다. 최종적으로, 해석으로부터 얻은 최대 전단응력과 법선응력의 관계를 이용하여 접착계면의 박리가 발생하는 기준치를 제시하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 강판 보강된 콘크리트 휨부재에 대하여 보다 현 실적인 설계 및 해석을 가능케 할 것으로 사료된다.mitted) = 369.4$_{A}$V sub p/ - l237.8 <기중양생>lpha$), head separation factor($\beta$), tail separation factor((equation omitted))값이 증가하였다.C$였다.$였다.X>였다..X>였다.할 것으로 생각되었으며, 향후 더 많은 환자들을 대상으로 장기간에 걸친 임상적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되었다.ang with P. japonica Powder had the least sweet taste. In the flavor and overall Preference, the Doenjang with P. japonica powder was the lowestEX>로 측정되었고, 계사내 지붕의 표면 온도는 최고 $29^{\circ}C$가 측정되었다. 계사 내 표면 온도 및 닭의 표면 온도는 계사내 공기온도의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다.ill in a good agreement with those predicted by Rohsenow's formula, which was based on nucleate boiling. For the condenser, the wall temperatures were practically uniform, and the measured values of condensation heat transfer coefficient were 1.7 times higher than the predicted values obtained from Nusselt's film

Keywords

References

  1. Hussain, M., Sharif, A., Basunbul, I. A., and Baluch, M. H., "Flexural Behavior of Precracked Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened Externally by Steel Plates," ACI Structural Journal, Vol.92, No.1, 1995, pp.14-22.
  2. Sharif, A., Al-Sulaimani, G. J., and Basunbul, I. A., "Strengthening of Initially Loaded Reinforced Concrete Beams Using FRP Plates," ACI Structural Journal, Vol.91, No.2, 1994, pp.160-168.
  3. Swamy, R. N., Jones, R, and Bloxham, J. W., "Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Epoxy-Bonded Steel Plates," The Structural Engineer, Vol. 65A, No. 2, 1987, pp.59-68.
  4. Swamy, R. N., Jones, R, and Charif, A., "The Effect of External Plate Reinforcement on The Strengthening of Structurally Damaged RC Beams," The Structural Engineer, Vol.67, No.3, 1989, pp.45-54.
  5. Ziraba, Y. N., Baluch, M. H., Alfarabi Sharif, Al-Sulaimani, G. J., and Basunbul, I. A., "Guidelines Toward the Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams with External Plates," ACI Structural Journal, Vol.91, No.6, 1994, pp.639-646.
  6. Oh, B. H., Cho, J. Y., and Park, D. G., "Static and Fatigue Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with Steel Plates for Flexure," Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, (accepted in 2001). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:4(527)
  7. Hamoush, S. A., and Ahmad, S. H., "Debonding of Steel-Strengthened Concrete Beams," Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.116, No.2, 1990, pp.356-371. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:2(356)
  8. Jones, R., Swamy, R. N., and Charif, A., "Plate Separation and Anchorage of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Epoxy-Bonded Steel Plates," The Structural Engineer, Vol.66, No.5, 1988, pp.85-94.
  9. Oehlers, D. J., and Moran, J. P., "Premature Failure of Externally Plated Reinforced Concrete Beams," Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.116, No.4, 1990, pp.978-993. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:4(978)
  10. Zhang, S., and Wood, L. A., "Prediction of Peeling Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Externally Bonded Steel Plates," Proc. Instn. Civil Engrs. Structs & Bldgs., Vol.110, 1995, pp.257-268. https://doi.org/10.1680/istbu.1995.27870
  11. Ziraba, Y. N., Baluch, M. H., Basunbul, I. A., Azad, A. K., Al-Sulaimani, G. J., and Sharif, A. M, "Combined Experimental-Numerical Approach to Characterization of Steel-Concrete-Interface," Materials and Structures, Vol.28, 1995, pp.518-525. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473156
  12. Taljsten B., "Strengthening of Beam by Plate Bonding," Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol.9, No.4, 1997, pp.206-212. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1997)9:4(206)
  13. Roberts, T. M., "Approximate Analysis of Shear and Normal Stress Concentrations in the Adhesive Layer of Plated RC Beams," The Structural Engineer, Vol.67, No.12, 1989, pp.229-233.
  14. Roberts, T. M., and Haji-Kazemi, H., "Theoretical Study of the Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Externally Bonded Steel Plates," Proc. Insn. Civil Engrs., Vol.87, 1989, pp.39-55. https://doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1989.1452
  15. Yuceoglu, U., and Updike, D. P., "Stress Analysis of Bonded Plates and Joints," Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol.106, No. EM1, 1990, pp.37-56.
  16. Oh, B. H., Cho, J. Y., and Kang, D.O., "Structural Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with Steel Plates," Journal of Korea Concrete Institute, Seoul, Korea, Vol.9, No.5, 1997, pp.233-244.