Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
권호 표지

Urinary cotinine concentration by passive smoking in the PC game room

PC방에서의 간접흡연에 따른 요중 코티닌의 농도

  • 박용선 (가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터) ;
  • 노영만 (가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터) ;
  • 김치년 (연세대학교 산업보건연구소)
  • Published : 2002.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Tobacco smoke was confirmed as a human carcinogen by many research results. Because many adolescents stay long time in the PC game room, they are exposed to much of tobacco smoke. To evaluate the effect of passive smoking in the PC game room, airborne nicotine concentrations in 2 PC game rooms in Sung-nam city and urinary cotinine concentrations were measured for 20 adolescents. And the subjects were interviewed for duration and time in PC game room and smoking pattern. Subjects are composed of each of 10 smokers(5 males and 5 females) and 10 nonsmokers(5 males and 5 females). They stayed for three hours in the PC game room without smoking. Concentrations of nicotine in smokers and nonsmokers were 129.72 $\mu$g/$^3$ and 99.99 $\mu$g/m$^3$, respectively. Urinary cotinine concentrations were increased as time goes on after exposure to nicotine and showed maximum value at 9.45 hours after nicotine exposure and were 32.21 and 110.66 $\mu$g/L for nonsmoker and smokers. The more using time and frequency in PC game room, the higher urinary cotinine maximum concentration and the longer using duration, also the more increase urinary cotinine concentration. Urinary cotinine has a tendency to increase by passive smoking. Therefore, it is recommended that the effective control for indoor air quality and extensive research be needed to reduce nicotine concentration by passive smoking in the PC game room.

Keywords

References

  1. 김윤신，윤영훈，백성옥，Roger Perry: 실내공간에서의 환경담배연기(ETS)에 관한 조사연구. 환경과 산업의학, 5(1), 1-10, 1996
  2. 백동기: 일부 청소년 남자들의 요중 코티닌 농도와 자매염색분체 교환 빈도수. 269-276, 2000
  3. 백성옥: 국내 실내공기질 관리의 중요성과 제도적 개선방안. 첨단환경기술，18-21, 1998
  4. 서울특별시 문화관광과: 멀티게임장(PC방) 등록현황. 2000
  5. 소비자보호원 생활경제국 소비문화팀: 청소년의 PC방 이용실태 조사.2000
  6. 이문수, 나도영, 황건중: 흡연자 및 비흡연자의 뇨중 니코틴 및 코티닌 함량. Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science, 19(1),40-45, 1997
  7. 황규석: 서울시내 PC방에서의 환경성담배연기(ETS) 농도에 관한 연구. 24-26, 2000
  8. UDS 금연연구소: 인간과 환경을 위한 금연운동. http://uds.kitel.co.kr/6.html, 2000
  9. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH): Air sampling instruments, 5, 696-703, 1997
  10. Baranowski J, Pochopieri G, Baranowski I: Determination of nicotine, cotinine and caffeine in meconium using high-performance liquid chromatography. J journal of Chromatography B, 707, 317-321, 1988
  11. Benowitz NL, Jacob P Ⅲ, Denaro C: Stable isotope studies of nicotine kinetics and bioavailability. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 49, 207-277, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1991.28
  12. Brownson RC, Eriksen MP, Davis RM, Warner KE. Environmental tobacco smoke: health effect and policies to reduce exposure. Annu. Rev. Public Health 1997; 18: 163-185 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.163
  13. Dalager NA, Pickle LW, Mason TJ, et al. : The relation of passive smoking to lung cancer. Cancer Res, 46, 4808-4811, 1986
  14. Dimich-Ward H, Gee H, Brauer M, V Leung: Analysis of nicotine and cotinine in the hair of hospitality workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. JOEM, 39(10), 946-602, 1997
  15. Etzel RA: A review of the use of saliva cotinine as a marker of tobacco smoke exposure. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 49, 270-277, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1991.28
  16. Hongmao Tang, Galen Richards, Cynthia L. Benner: A tracer for environmental tobacco smoke particles. Environmental Science and Technology, 24, 848-852, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00076a009
  17. Humble CG, Samet JM, Pathack DR: Marriage to a smoker and lung cancer risk. Am. J. Pub. Health, 77, 598- 602, 1987 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.77.5.598
  18. Javis M, Tunstall-Peloe H, Feyerabend C: Biochemical markers of smoke absorption and self-reported exposure to passive smoking. Journal Epidemiol Community Health, 38, 335-339, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.38.4.335
  19. Michael A, Wall MD, Jean J, Jacob P, Benowitz N, Cotinine in the serum, saliva and urine of nonsmokers, passive smokers and active smokers. AJPH, 78(6), 699-701,1988 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.78.6.699
  20. Oddoze C, Pauli AM, Pastor J: Rapid and Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine and cotinine in nonsmoker human and rat urines. Journal of Chromatography B, 708, 95-32, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00632-4
  21. Repace, J. L., A. H. Lowery. Indoor Air Pollution: Tobacco Smoke, and Public Health. Science, 208, 464, 1980 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7367873
  22. Stefan Willers, Gunnar Skarping, Marianne Dalene, Staffan skerfving: Urinary cotinine in children and adults during and after semiexperimental exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Archives of Environmental Health, 50(2): 130-138, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1995.9940890
  23. Stellman JM: Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 97. 47-97. 49, 1998
  24. Stephanie M, Pendergrass, Ann M. Krake, Larry B. Jaycox: Development of Versatile Method for the Detection of Nicotine in Air. AIHAJ, 61, 469-472, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984557
  25. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH): Current Intelligence Bulletine 54, Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Workplace - Lung Cancer and Other Health Effects. NIOSH Publication, 91-108, 1991
  26. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods(NMAM): Fourth Edition, Meth No. 2551, 1998
  27. Thomson SG, Stone R, Nanchahal K, Wald NJ: Relation of urinary cotinine concentration to cigarette smoking and to exposure to other people's smoke. Thorax, 45, 356-361, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.45.5.356