Physico-Chemical Properties of Korean Traditional Soybeans

우리나라 전통콩의 이화학적 특성 연구

  • Kim, Kang-Sung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Yongin University) ;
  • Kim, Min-Jung (Food Function Research, Division Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Kyung-Ae (Food Function Research, Division Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kwon, Dae-Young (Food Function Research, Division Korea Food Research Institute)
  • Published : 2003.06.01

Abstract

The physicochemical characteristics and chemical compositions of six Korean traditional soybeans were studied namely, cheongtae, seoritae, jinjoori, subaktae, yutae and huktae. The characteristics of imported soybean were also investigated for comparison. The average weight of one hundred-seed for huktae, which is normally used as nutritional supplement by adding to rice during cooking, was 43.1 g. The average whole length and long and short width for six varieties of the bean were $5.68{\sim}10.15\;mm$, $5.10{\sim}9.33\;mm$ and $4.30{\sim}7.48\;mm$, respectively. Color of cheongtae and subaktae were green, while that of seoritae, jinjoori, and huktae were black with yutae having yellow seed coat. Moisture, crude fat, crude protein and ash content of soybean seeds were all in the ranges of $8.5{\sim}11.5%$, $14.0{\sim}20.8%$, $38.0{\sim}49.2%$ and $4.2{\sim}5.0%$, respectively, showing differences among cultivars. Methionine, cysteine and histidine were the minor components of soybean protein and percentage of methionine to the total proteins showed significant varietal differences. Subaktae contained the highest content of methionine with 4.0 mg/g protein, while jinjoori the lowest with 1.8 mg/g protein. The main fatty acids of total lipid were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids, which comprised over 80% of total fatty acids. Cultivar yutae had higher content of neutral lipid but lower content of glycolipid and phospholipid. Among the fatty acids, content of linoleic acid were the highest $(41.4{\sim}54%)$ and ratios of unsaturated fatty acid to the total fatty acid was $82.7{\sim}85.2%$. The main fatty acid of neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid was linoleic acid.

본 실험에서는 대표적인 전통콩 6품종(청태, 서리태, 진주리, 수박태, 유태, 흑태)과 미국산 수입콩 1품종 등 7품종을 시료로 사용하여 종실의 물리화학적인 특성과 기능성 성분을 조사하였다. 콩의 백립중은 유태가 극소립중이었고, 흑태가 대립중이었다. 품종간에 종실과 껍질을 제거한 콩의 색도도 차이를 보였다. 단백질 함량은 전통콩이 모두 40%을 넘는 함량을 나타냈고, 그중 진주리가 높은 함량을 보였으며 수입콩이 38.7%로 낮은 함량을 보였다. 조지방함량은 전통 콩중 진주리가 가장 낮고, 수입콩이 다른 품종에 비해 지방함량이 높게 나타났다. 총 지방질의 지방산중 linoleic acid가 가장 많았고, oleic acid, palmitic acid 순이고 불포화 지방산이 80% 이상을 차지하였다. 불포화지방산의 비율은 서리태가 85.2%로서 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고, 포화지방산의 경우 수입콩이 16.5%로 다른 품종에 비해 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 진주리콩은 단일불포화지방산인 oleic acid의 함량이 높고 다중불포화 지방산인 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid의 함량이 낮았다. 콩의 필수 아미노산인 lysine 함량은 48.2-56.5 mg/g-protein이었다. 콩에 가장 적게 함유되어 있는 것으로 알져진 methionine, cysteine, histidine 등은 전통콩에서도 매우 적게 함유 되어있다. Methionine의 비율이 다른 아미노산에 비해 품종에 따른 차이가 가장 크게 나타났다.

Keywords

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